General Information of MIC (ID: MIC00384)
MIC Name	Clostridium botulinum (firmicutes)
MIC Synonyms	Bacillus botulinus
Body Site	Gut
Lineage	Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Firmicutes Class: Clostridia Order: Clostridiales Family: Clostridiaceae Genus: Clostridium Species: Clostridium botulinum
Oxygen Sensitivity	Anaerobe
Microbial Metabolism	Proteolytic; Fermentative
Gram	Positive
Genome Size (bp)	3903260
No. of Coding Genes	3384
No. of Non-Coding Genes	132
No. of Small Non-Coding Genes	132
No. of Gene Transcripts	3516
No. of Base Pairs	3915341
Description	Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming, motile bacterium with the ability to produce the neurotoxin botulinum. The botulinum toxin can cause a severe flaccid paralytic disease in humans and other animals.
External Links	Taxonomy ID	1491
	Genome Assembly ID	ASM75006v1
	GOLD Organism ID	Go0000082
Disease Relevance
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis  [ICD-11: 8B60]
Description	Toxin types A or B produced from Clostridium botulinum can cause a severe flaccid paralytic disease in humans.				[1]
Autism spectrum disorder  [ICD-11: 6A02]
Description	A significantly higher abundance of the potentially harmful bacteria Clostridium botulinum showed in children with autism spectrum disorder.				[2]
Ulcerative colitis  [ICD-11: DD71]
Description	Clostridium botulinum was associated with the mucosal surface of Ulcerative colitis.				[3]

Host Genetic Factors (HGFs)
CD44
HGF ID	HGF2333	HGF Info	Class	Copy Number Variation: Gene Deletion (CNV-GDe)
Description	Clostridium botulinum had a significant difference in the percentage abundance between the EAE-induced CD44 wide type and the CD44 knock out mice (p-value<0.05).				[4]

Environmental Factor(s)
Disbiome ID			338
gutMDisorder ID			gm0191

References
1	Type F Infant Botulism: Investigation of Recent Clusters and Overview of This Exceedingly Rare Disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Dec 27;66(suppl_1):S92-S94. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix818.
2	Alterations in Gut Glutamate Metabolism Associated with Changes in Gut Microbiota Composition in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. mSystems. 2019 Jan 29;4(1):e00321-18. doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00321-18. eCollection 2019 Jan-Feb.
3	Quantitative assessment of the human gut microbiome using multitag pyrosequencing. Chem Biodivers. 2010 May;7(5):1065-75. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.200900322.
4	CD44 deletion leading to attenuation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis results from alterations in gut microbiome in mice.Eur J Immunol. 2017 Jul;47(7):1188-1199. doi: 10.1002/eji.201646792. Epub 2017 Jun 6.

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