General Information of HIF (ID: HIFM0334)
HIF Name	Ubiquitin
HIF Classification	Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
Description	Ubiquitin Human histatin 9 has been identified in humans. It forms the first line of host defense against pathogenic infections and are a key component of the ancient innate immune system.				[1]

Microbe Species (MIC) Regulated by This HIF
Bacteroides fragilis (CFB bacteria)			MIC00158
Description	The bacterium Bacteroides fragilis is the only bacterium known to encode a homologue of eukaryotic ubiquitin.				[2]
Escherichia coli (enterobacteria)			MIC00516
Description	Escherichia coli bacteria could modulate ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) turnover.				[3]

References
1	Antimicrobial peptides and the skin immune defense system.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 Aug;122(2):261-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.03.027. Epub 2008 Apr 25.
2	Antigenic mimicry of ubiquitin by the gut bacterium Bacteroides fragilis: a potential link with autoimmune disease.Clin Exp Immunol. 2018 Nov;194(2):153-165. doi: 10.1111/cei.13195. Epub 2018 Sep 17.
3	Genetic and microbial factors modulating the ubiquitin proteasome system in inflammatory bowel disease.Gut. 2014 Aug;63(8):1265-74. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303205. Epub 2013 Oct 3.

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