General Information of MIC (ID: MIC00628)
MIC Name	Gemella haemolysans (firmicutes)
MIC Synonyms	Neisseria haemolysans
Body Site	Oral Cavity
Lineage	Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Firmicutes Class: Bacilli Order: Bacillales Family: Bacillales Family XI. Incertae Sedis Genus: Gemella Species: Gemella haemolysans
Oxygen Sensitivity	Facultative anaerobe
Microbial Metabolism	Saccharolytic; Fermentative
Gram	Positive
Genome Size (bp)	1916192
No. of Coding Genes	1795
No. of Non-Coding Genes	36
No. of Small Non-Coding Genes	36
No. of Gene Transcripts	1831
No. of Base Pairs	1887323
Description	Gemella haemolysans is a species of facultative anaerobic, Gram positive, catalase-negative coccoid that can be a commensal of the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity of humans. In rare cases, it has been identified as an opportunistic pathogen in the development of endocarditis.
External Links	Taxonomy ID	1379
	Genome Assembly ID	ASM155303v1
	GOLD Organism ID	Go0005380
Disease Relevance
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease  [ICD-11: CA22]
Description	Gemella was associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.				[1]
Coronary atherosclerosis  [ICD-11: BA80]
Description	Gemella haemolysans was associated with atherosclerosis.				[2]
Infectious endocarditis  [ICD-11: BB40]
Description	Gemella haemolysans was associated with endocarditis in rare cases.				[3]

Host Genetic Factors (HGFs)
rs2608555
HGF ID	HGF1760	HGF Info	Class	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Synonymous variant (SNP-SV)
Description	The rs2608555 SNP was significantly associated with the abundance of Gemella (p-value=7.34E-06).				[4]
rs2273976
HGF ID	HGF1378	HGF Info	Class	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Synonymous variant (SNP-SV)
Description	The rs2273976 SNP was significantly associated with the abundance of Gemella (p-value=3.74E-07).				[4]
rs1946518
HGF ID	HGF1731	HGF Info	Class	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Upstream variant (SNP-UV)
Description	The variant gene IL-18 of innate immunity rs1946518 is significantly associated with the abundance of gut micriobiota Gemella (p-value=0.0497).				[5]
rs17631306
HGF ID	HGF2302	HGF Info	Class	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)
Description	The rs17631306 SNP in mucosal immunity pathways influences the abundance of Gemella in the upper airway (p-value=2.94E-08).				[6]

Host Immune Factors (HIFs)
C-C motif chemokine 13
HIF ID	HIFM0018	HIF Info	Class	Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
Description	The CCL13 expressionb was correlated only with the abundance of Gemellaceae.				[7]

Environmental Factor(s)
Disbiome ID			438
gutMDisorder ID			gm0351

References
1	[Comparison Study of Oropharyngeal Microbiota in Case of Bronchial Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Different Severity Levels]. Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk. 2015;(6):669-78. doi: 10.15690/vramn532.
2	Streptococcus mitis and Gemella haemolysans were simultaneously found in atherosclerotic and oral plaques of elderly without periodontitis-a pilot study. Clin Oral Investig. 2017 Jan;21(1):447-452. doi: 10.1007/s00784-016-1811-6. Epub 2016 Apr 2.
3	A Rare Case of Infective Endocarditis Caused by Gemella haemolysans. Cureus. 2019 Nov 26;11(11):e6234. doi: 10.7759/cureus.6234.
4	Host genetic variation impacts microbiome composition across human body sites.Genome Biol. 2015 Sep 15;16(1):191. doi: 10.1186/s13059-015-0759-1.
5	Variants in genes of innate immunity, appetite control and energy metabolism are associated with host cardiometabolic health and gut microbiota composition.Gut Microbes. 2020 May 3;11(3):556-568. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1619440. Epub 2019 Jun 3.
6	Host genetic variation in mucosal immunity pathways influences the upper airway microbiome.Microbiome. 2017 Feb 1;5(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s40168-016-0227-5.
7	Duodenal Mucosa of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Shows Distinctive Inflammatory Profile and Microbiota.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 May 1;102(5):1468-1477. doi: 10.1210/jc.2016-3222.

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