General Information of MIC (ID: MIC00824)
MIC Name	Micrococcus luteus (actinobacteria)
MIC Synonyms	Micrococcus flavus Trevisan
Body Site	Oral Cavity
Lineage	Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Actinobacteria Class: Actinobacteria Order: Micrococcales Family: Micrococcaceae Genus: Micrococcus Species: Micrococcus luteus
Oxygen Sensitivity	Obligate aerobe
Microbial Metabolism	Saccharolytic; Respiratory
Gram	Positive
Host Relationship	Opportunistic pathogen
Genome Size (bp)	2501300
No. of Coding Genes	2381
No. of Non-Coding Genes	58
No. of Small Non-Coding Genes	58
No. of Gene Transcripts	2439
No. of Base Pairs	2635230
Description	Micrococcus luteus is a obligate aerobic,Gram-positive,nonmotile, coccus, tetrad-arranging, pigmented, saprotrophic bacterium that belongs to the family Micrococcaceae.The bacterium is most commonly found in mucous membranes such as the nasal cavities, the upper respiratory tract, and the lining of the mouth. Although once ragarded as non-pathogenic, it is now considered an opportunistic pathogen, especially in immunocompromised patients. It is also responsible for nosocomial infections. As it is a commensal on the skin and nasal cavities, it is often overlooked as a source of clinical infection.
External Links	Taxonomy ID	1270
	Genome Assembly ID	Willow_Endophyte_RIT324w
	GOLD Organism ID	Go0003964
Disease Relevance
Corneal ulcer  [ICD-11: 9A76]
Description	Micrococcus luteus can cause skin infections that produce pruritic eruptions, sometimes with central ulceration				[1]
Pneumonia  [ICD-11: CA40]
Description	Micrococcus luteus was associated with Pneumonia endocarditis.				[2]
Sepsis  [ICD-11: 1G41]
Description	Micrococcus luteus was associated with sepsis.				[3]
Sepsis with septic shock  [ICD-11: 1G41]
Description	Micrococcus luteus occasionally caused septic shock in immunocompromised patients.				[4]
Type 2 diabetes mellitus  [ICD-11: 5A11]
Description	Micrococcus luteus was associated with type 2 diabetes.				[5]

Host Immune Factors (HIFs)
Bactericidal permeability-increasing protein
HIF ID	HIFM0008	HIF Info	Class	Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
Description	Micrococcus luteus demonstrated that transcription of BPI increases in the larval stage in a bacterial-dose dependent manner.				[6]
Eosinophil cationic protein
HIF ID	HIFM0094	HIF Info	Class	Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
Description	The RNase 3 showed >10 bactericidal activity against Micrococcus luteus when the hemolytic activity of 11.2+0.1M or 11.2-0.1M and the peptide size reduction of 48%.				[7]

Environmental Factor(s)
Disbiome ID			483
gutMDisorder ID			gm0446
aBiofilm Organism			Micrococcus luteus

References
1	Micrococcus luteus endocarditis: case report and review of the literature. Zentralbl Bakteriol. 1995 Oct;282(4):431-5. doi: 10.1016/s0934-8840(11)80715-2.
2	Clinical evaluation of teicoplanin for therapy of severe infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1986 Jan;29(1):52-7. doi: 10.1128/aac.29.1.52.
3	Protective role of the neuropeptide urocortin II against experimental sepsis and leishmaniasis by direct killing of pathogens. J Immunol. 2013 Dec 15;191(12):6040-51. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301921. Epub 2013 Nov 18.
4	Septic shock with Micrococcus luteus. Arch Intern Med. 1978 Mar;138(3):487-8.
5	Global metabolic interaction network of the human gut microbiota for context-specific community-scale analysis. Nat Commun. 2017 Jun 6;8:15393. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15393.
6	LBP/BPI proteins and their relatives: conservation over evolution and roles in mutualism.Biochem Soc Trans. 2011 Aug;39(4):1039-44. doi: 10.1042/BST0391039.
7	Exploring the mechanisms of action of human secretory RNase 3 and RNase 7 against Candida albicans.Microbiologyopen. 2016 Oct;5(5):830-845. doi: 10.1002/mbo3.373. Epub 2016 Jun 8.

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