General Information of HIF (ID: HIFP0046)
HIF Name	Toll like receptor 4 signaling pathway
HIF Synonym(s)	TLR4, TLR-4 signaling pathway
HIF Classification	Signaling pathway (SP)
Description	Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) signal pathway plays an important role in initiating the innate immune response and its activation by bacterial endotoxin is responsible for chronic and acute inflammatory disorders that are becoming more and more frequent in developed countries.				[1]

Microbe Species (MIC) Regulated by This HIF
Pasteurella multocida (gamma-proteobacteria)			MIC00967
Description	Pasteurella multocida LPS could induce the expression and the subsequent release of proinflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines such as IL-1a, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-12 from a mix of murine splenocytes.				[2]
Serratia marcescens (enterobacteria)			MIC01171
Description	Serratia marcescens could induce corneal inflammation by activation of TLR4 pathway.				[3]
Streptococcus mitis (firmicutes)			MIC01257
Description	Infection with Streptococcus mitis together with Pseudomonas aeruginosa could alleviate lung inflammation in acute lung infection mouse models possibly via the TLR4 signaling pathway.				[4]

References
1	TLR4 Signaling Pathway Modulators as Potential Therapeutics in Inflammation and Sepsis.Vaccines (Basel). 2017 Oct 4;5(4):34. doi: 10.3390/vaccines5040034.
2	Pasteurella multocida and immune cells. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2012;361:53-72. doi: 10.1007/82_2012_204.
3	Innate immune regulation of Serratia marcescens-induced corneal inflammation and infection. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012 Oct 25;53(11):7382-8. doi: 10.1167/iovs.12-10238.
4	Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus mitis mixed infection on TLR4-mediated immune response in acute pneumonia mouse model. BMC Microbiol. 2017 Apr 4;17(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s12866-017-0999-1.

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