General Information of MIC (ID: MIC00235)
MIC Name	Bilophila wadsworthia (delta-proteobacteria)
Body Site	Gut
Lineage	Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Deltaproteobacteria Order: Desulfovibrionales Family: Desulfovibrionaceae Genus: Bilophila Species: Bilophila wadsworthia
Oxygen Sensitivity	Obligate anaerobe
Microbial Metabolism	Fermentative; Only anaerobic respiration; Asaccharolytic
Gram	Negative
Host Relationship	Opportunistic pathogen; Commensal
Genome Size (bp)	4391094
Description	Bilophila wadsworthia is a Gram negative anaerobic rod. This bacterium carries out fermentation within the gut using taurine as the final electron acceptor. It is urease-positive, bile resistant, catalase-positive. It is largely found in patients that have appendicitis.
External Links	Taxonomy ID	35833
	Genome Assembly ID	Bilo_wads_3_1_6_V2
	GOLD Organism ID	Go0004182
Disease Relevance
Appendicitis  [ICD-11: DB10]
Description	Increased diversity of anaerobes and the translocation of Bilophila wadsworthia were associated with the progression of acute appendicitis.				[1]
Colorectal cancer  [ICD-11: 2B91]
Description	Bilophila wadsworthia was associated with colorectal cancer.				[2]
Inflammatory bowel disease  [ICD-11: DD72]
Description	Bilophila was associated with inflammatory bowel disease.				[3]

Host Immune Factors (HIFs)
Interferon-10
HIF ID	HIFM0128	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	The abundance of Bilophila is associated with the expression IL-10.				[4]
Immunoglobulin E
HIF ID	HIFM0271	HIF Info	Class	Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Description	Bilophila is significantly enriched in IgE-mediated compared to non-IgE-mediated CMA(cows milk allergy) subjects.				[5]
Immunoglobulin A
HIF ID	HIFM0272	HIF Info	Class	Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Description	Bilophila was significantly enriched in the IgA(Low or no IgA binding) consortia.				[6]
CD4+ helper T cells
HIF ID	HIFC0068	HIF Info	Class	T cells (TCs)
Description	Bilophila is associated with T-helper type 1 cells responses.				[4]

Environmental Factor(s)
Disbiome ID			822
gutMDisorder ID			gm0116

References
1	Culture-based bacterial evaluation of the appendix lumen in patients with and without acute appendicitis. J Infect Chemother. 2019 Sep;25(9):708-713. doi: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.03.021. Epub 2019 Apr 11.
2	Intestinal microbiota, chronic inflammation, and colorectal cancer. Intest Res. 2018 Jul;16(3):338-345. doi: 10.5217/ir.2018.16.3.338. Epub 2018 Jul 27.
3	Comparison of the intestinal mucosal microbiota in dogs diagnosed with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease and dogs with food-responsive diarrhea before and after treatment. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2018 Feb 1;94(2). doi: 10.1093/femsec/fix173.
4	Interactions between Diet, Bile Acid Metabolism, Gut Microbiota, and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Dig Dis. 2015;33(3):351-6. doi: 10.1159/000371687. Epub 2015 May 27.
5	Gut microbiota composition and butyrate production in children affected by non-IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy.Sci Rep. 2018 Aug 21;8(1):12500. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30428-3.
6	IgA Function in Relation to the Intestinal Microbiota.Annu Rev Immunol. 2018 Apr 26;36:359-381. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053238. Epub 2018 Jan 26.

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