General Information of MIC (ID: MIC00552)
MIC Name	Enterococcus sp. (firmicutes)
Body Site	Gut
Lineage	Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Firmicutes Class: Bacilli Order: Lactobacillales Family: Enterococcaceae Genus: Enterococcus Species: Enterococcus sp.
Oxygen Sensitivity	Facultative anaerobe
Microbial Metabolism	Saccharolytic; Fermentative; Utilize hydrogen as energy source
Gram	Positive
Host Relationship	Commensal
Description	Enterococcus is a genus of Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria of the family Streptococcaceae.
External Links	Taxonomy ID	35783
	GOLD Organism ID	Go0001324
Disease Relevance
Autoimmune liver disease  [ICD-11: DB96]
Description	Enterococcus was markedly overrepresented in primary sclerosing cholangitis regardless of concomitant inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).				[1]
Inflammatory bowel disease  [ICD-11: DD72]
Description	Erysipelotrichi was identified as potential biomarker for inflammatory bowel disease.				[2]
Ulcerative colitis  [ICD-11: DD71]
Description	Enterococcus was markedly overrepresented in primary sclerosing cholangitis regardless of concomitant inflammatory bowel disease.				[1]

Host Genetic Factors (HGFs)
SLC2A2
HGF ID	HGF2352	HGF Info	Class	Copy Number Variation: Gene Deletion (CNV-GDe)
Description	The deletion of GLUT2 has been associated with the increased abundance of Enterococcus sp. (p-value<0.05).				[3]
C4B
HGF ID	HGF2348	HGF Info	Class	Copy Number Variation: Gene Duplication (CNV-GDu)
Description	The low C4B-CN has been significantly associated with the decreased abundance of Enterococcus (p-value<0.05).				[4]
rs6265
HGF ID	HGF1909	HGF Info	Class	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Non coding transcript variant (SNP-NCTV)
Description	The variant gene BDNF of innate immunity rs6265 is significantly associated with the abundance of gut micriobiota Enterococcus (p-value=0.005).				[5]

Host Immune Factors (HIFs)
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone alpha
HIF ID	HIFM0064	HIF Info	Class	Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
Description	Enterococcus-based can be useful for modulation of Alpha-MSH autoAbs due to their Clp proteins sequence homology with the C-terminal of -MSH.				[6]
Regenerating islet-derived protein 3-gamma
HIF ID	HIFM0198	HIF Info	Class	Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
Description	The upregulated RegIII level providing increased resistance to vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE).				[7]

Environmental Factor(s)
Disbiome ID			41
gutMDisorder ID			gm0290

References
1	Distinct gut microbiota profiles in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jul 7;23(25):4548-4558. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i25.4548.
2	Fecal and Mucosal Microbiota Profiling in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Microbiol. 2019 Jul 17;10:1655. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01655. eCollection 2019.
3	Intestinal invalidation of the glucose transporter GLUT2 delays tissue distribution of glucose and reveals an unexpected role in gut homeostasis.Mol Metab. 2016 Nov 4;6(1):61-72. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.10.008. eCollection 2017 Jan.
4	C4B gene influences intestinal microbiota through complement activation in patients with paediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease.Clin Exp Immunol. 2017 Dec;190(3):394-405. doi: 10.1111/cei.13040. Epub 2017 Sep 25.
5	Variants in genes of innate immunity, appetite control and energy metabolism are associated with host cardiometabolic health and gut microbiota composition.Gut Microbes. 2020 May 3;11(3):556-568. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1619440. Epub 2019 Jun 3.
6	On the origin of eating disorders: altered signaling between gut microbiota, adaptive immunity and the brain melanocortin system regulating feeding behavior.Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2019 Oct;48:82-91. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.07.004. Epub 2019 Aug 17.
7	The Network of Colonic Host Defense Peptides as an Innate Immune Defense Against Enteropathogenic Bacteria.Front Immunol. 2020 May 20;11:965. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00965. eCollection 2020.

If you find any error in data or bug in web service, please kindly report it to Dr. Tang and Dr. Mou.