General Information of MIC (ID: MIC00846)
MIC Name	Mycobacterium avium (actinobacteria)
MIC Synonyms	Mycobacterium tuberculosis avium
Body Site	Lung
Lineage	Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Actinobacteria Class: Actinobacteria Order: Corynebacteriales Family: Mycobacteriaceae Genus: Mycobacterium Species: Mycobacterium avium
Oxygen Sensitivity	Microaerophile
Microbial Metabolism	Strictly respiratory
Gram	Positive
Genome Size (bp)	4857995
Description	Mycobacterium avium complex is a group of mycobacteria comprising Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium avium that are commonly grouped because they infect humans together. These bacteria cause disease in humans called Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection or Mycobacterium avium complex infection.
External Links	Taxonomy ID	1764
	Genome Assembly ID	ASM1498v1
	GOLD Organism ID	Go0004133
Disease Relevance
Digestive tuberculosis  [ICD-11: 1B12]
Description	Digestive tuberculosis was associated with Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis infection.				[1]

Host Genetic Factors (HGFs)
hsa-miR-886-5p
HGF ID	HGF0698	HGF Info	Class	Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
Description	The miR-886-5p was consistently at least 1.4-fold up-regulated upon Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis infection.				[2]
hsa-let-7e-5p
HGF ID	HGF0298	HGF Info	Class	Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
Description	The expression of let-7e was increased in response to mycobacterial infection at 48 h.				[2]
hsa-miR-29a-3p
HGF ID	HGF0178	HGF Info	Class	Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
Description	The expression of miR-29a was upregulated 1.5-fold after induced by Mycobacterium avium after 48 h.				[2]

Host Immune Factors (HIFs)
Immunoglobulin G1
HIF ID	HIFM0269	HIF Info	Class	Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Description	IgG1 antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp.paratuberculosis protein p34-cx improved association of bacteria and macrophages.				[3]
Immunoglobulin A
HIF ID	HIFM0272	HIF Info	Class	Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Description	GPL from Mycobacterium avium can induce the secretion of IL-6 primarily by monocytes in human peripheral blood monocytes, and the upregulation of IgA at mucosal sites in humans is induced by IL-6.				[4]
Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha
HIF ID	HIFM0203	HIF Info	Class	Retinoic acid receptor (RAR)
Description	RORA was also implicated in inflammatory disease caused by infection with the intracellular bacterium Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.				[5]

Environmental Factor(s)
Disbiome ID			839
aBiofilm Organism			Mycobacterium avium

References
1	Debugging the intestinal microbiota in IBD. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2009 Jun;33 Suppl 3:S131-6. doi: 10.1016/S0399-8320(09)73148-3.
2	Integrated microRNA-mRNA-analysis of human monocyte derived macrophages upon Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis infection. PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e20258. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020258. Epub 2011 May 24.
3	Bovine IgG1 antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis protein p34-cx improve association of bacteria and macrophages.Vet Res. 2008 Jan-Feb;39(1):6. doi: 10.1051/vetres:2007043. Epub 2007 Nov 9.
4	Mycobacterium avium Complex Pleuritis with Elevated Anti-glycopeptidolipid-core IgA Antibody Levels in Pleural Effusion.Intern Med. 2019 Sep 1;58(17):2577-2579. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2751-19. Epub 2019 May 22.
5	Variations in T cell transcription factor gene structure and expression associated with the two disease forms of sheep paratuberculosis. Vet Res. 2016 Aug 17;47(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s13567-016-0368-3.

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