General Information of HIF (ID: HIFP0043)
HIF Name	Toll like receptor signaling pathway
HIF Synonym(s)	TLR, TLR signaling pathway
HIF Classification	Signaling pathway (SP)
Description	TLR signaling pathways are separated into two groups: a MyD88-dependent pathway that leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines with quick activation of NFkB and MAPK				[1]

Microbe Species (MIC) Regulated by This HIF
Listeria monocytogenes (firmicutes)			MIC00771
Description	The response of dendritic cells (DC) to live Listeria monocytogenes is mediated by toll-like receptors (TLRs).				[2]
Mycoplasma synoviae (mycoplasmas)			MIC00877
Description	The induction of proinflamatory cytokines as well as iNOS could be a functional consequence of TLR pathway induction through Mycoplasma synoviae PAMPs.				[3]
Serratia marcescens (enterobacteria)			MIC01171
Description	Serratia marcescens can replicate in the cornea and cause severe keratitis, under conditions where the TLR/interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) signaling pathway is impaired.				[4]
Streptococcus pyogenes (firmicutes)			MIC01267
Description	TLR pathways could abolishe dendritic cells infected with Streptococcus pyogenes.				[5]

References
1	TLR signaling pathways.Semin Immunol. 2004 Feb;16(1):3-9. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2003.10.003.
2	HDAC6 controls innate immune and autophagy responses to TLR-mediated signalling by the intracellular bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS Pathog. 2017 Dec 27;13(12):e1006799. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006799. eCollection 2017 Dec.
3	Diacylated lipopeptide from Mycoplasma synoviae mediates TLR15 induced innate immune responses. Vet Res. 2013 Oct 17;44(1):99. doi: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-99.
4	Innate immune regulation of Serratia marcescens-induced corneal inflammation and infection. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012 Oct 25;53(11):7382-8. doi: 10.1167/iovs.12-10238.
5	Innate immune response to Streptococcus pyogenes depends on the combined activation of TLR13 and TLR2. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 10;10(3):e0119727. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119727. eCollection 2015.

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