General Information of MIC (ID: MIC00209)
MIC Name	Bifidobacterium bifidum (actinobacteria)
MIC Synonyms	Bacillus bifidus
Body Site	Gut
Lineage	Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Actinobacteria Class: Actinobacteria Order: Bifidobacteriales Family: Bifidobacteriaceae Genus: Bifidobacterium Species: Bifidobacterium bifidum
Oxygen Sensitivity	Obligate anaerobe
Microbial Metabolism	Saccharolytic; Fermentative
Gram	Positive
Host Relationship	Probiotic
Genome Size (bp)	2208468
No. of Coding Genes	1704
No. of Non-Coding Genes	58
No. of Small Non-Coding Genes	58
No. of Gene Transcripts	1762
No. of Base Pairs	2208468
Description	Bifidobacterium bifidum is an anaerobic, Gram-positive nonmotile, nonspore-forming bacterium which was first isolated from the infant intestine. B. bifidum is one of the most common probiotic bacteria that can be found in the body of mammals, including humans. Its job is to maintain the micro flora balance within the intestines, control the increase of detrimental bacteria, bolster the immune system, and aid in the digestive process.
External Links	Taxonomy ID	1681
	Genome Assembly ID	Bifbif
	GOLD Organism ID	Go0004023
Disease Relevance
Behcet disease  [ICD-11: 4A62]
Description	The abundance of Bifidobacterium bifidum increased significantly in patients with Behcet's disease.				[1]
Mesenteric ischemia  [ICD-11: DD31]
Description	Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010 alleviated mesenteric ischemia.				[2]
Rheumatoid arthritis  [ICD-11: FA20]
Description	Bifidobacterium bifidum was associated with genetic variants in Rheumatoid Arthritis.				[3]

Host Genetic Factors (HGFs)
hsa-miR-135b-5p
HGF ID	HGF0264	HGF Info	Class	Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
Description	The expression of miR-135b was 0.71-fold down-regulation in the plasma samples with Bifidobacterium bifidum infection.				[4]
hsa-miR-148a-3p
HGF ID	HGF0249	HGF Info	Class	Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
Description	The expression of miR-148a was increased in vitro by exposure to Bifidobacterium bifidum MIMBb75.				[5]
hsa-miR-155-5p
HGF ID	HGF0243	HGF Info	Class	Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
Description	Bifidobacterium bifidum-associated lncRNA1 controlled RHEB expression by sponging hsa-miR-155-5p.				[6]
hsa-miR-18a-5p
HGF ID	HGF0238	HGF Info	Class	Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
Description	The expression of miR-18a was 1.2-fold up-regulation in Bifidobacterium bifidum infection.				[4]
hsa-miR-26b-5p
HGF ID	HGF0183	HGF Info	Class	Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
Description	The expression of miR-26b was 3.9-fold up-regulation in Bifidobacterium bifidum infection.				[4]
rs651821
HGF ID	HGF1924	HGF Info	Class	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Prime UTR variant (SNP-PV)
Description	The APOA5 SNP rs651821 might be an important host genetic factor in determining the abundances of the health-promoting Bifidobacterium bacteria and the taxa to which this genus belongs.				[7]

Host Immune Factors (HIFs)
Human lactoferricin
HIF ID	HIFM0237	HIF Info	Class	Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
Description	Human LF (lactoferrin) may have activity to Bifidobacterium bifidum.				[8]
Tumor necrosis factor
HIF ID	HIFM0226	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	Bifidobacterium bifidum WBIN03 could downregulate the pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-Alpha) and upregulate antioxidant factors (e.g., SOD1, SOD2, GPX2) at the transcriptional level.				[9]
T helper type 17 cells
HIF ID	HIFC0080	HIF Info	Class	T cells (TCs)
Description	Lactobacillus bifidus infection resulted in the increasement of T helper type 17 (Th17) cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients.				[10]

Environmental Factor(s)
Disbiome ID			375
gutMDisorder ID			gm0108

References
1	Relative abundance of Megamonas hypermegale and Butyrivibrio species decreased in the intestine and its possible association with the T cell aberration by metabolite alteration in patients with Behcet's disease (210 characters). Clin Rheumatol. 2019 May;38(5):1437-1445. doi: 10.1007/s10067-018-04419-8. Epub 2019 Jan 9.
2	Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010 alleviates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. PLoS One. 2018 Aug 30;13(8):e0202670. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202670. eCollection 2018.
3	M-GWAS for the gut microbiome in Chinese adults illuminates on complex diseases. bioRxiv, 2019.
4	Expression profiling of peripheral blood miRNA using RNAseq technology in dairy cows with Escherichia coli-induced mastitis. Luoreng ZM, Wang XP, Mei CG, Zan LS.. Sci Rep. 2018 Aug 23;8(1):12693. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30518-2.
5	Time- and strain-specific downregulation of intestinal EPAS1 via miR-148a by Bifidobacterium bifidum. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017 May;61(5). doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201600596. Epub 2017 Feb 3.
6	Influence of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia viability on murine pulmonary microRNA and mRNA expression following subchronic inhalation exposure. Croston TL, Nayak AP, Lemons AR, Goldsmith WT, Gu JK, Germolec DR, Beezhold DH, Green BJ.. Clin Exp Allergy. 2016 Oct;46(10):1315-27. doi: 10.1111/cea.12783. Epub 2016 Sep 16.
7	The effect of heritability and host genetics on the gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome.Gut. 2017 Jun;66(6):1031-1038. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-311326. Epub 2016 Apr 6.
8	Lactoferrin and bifidobacteria.Biometals. 2014 Oct;27(5):915-22. doi: 10.1007/s10534-014-9741-8. Epub 2014 Apr 27.
9	Potential of Lactobacillus plantarum ZDY2013 and Bifidobacterium bifidum WBIN03 in relieving colitis by gut microbiota, immune, and anti-oxidative stress. Can J Microbiol. 2018 May;64(5):327-337. doi: 10.1139/cjm-2017-0716. Epub 2018 Feb 5.
10	Microbiota in T-cell homeostasis and inflammatory diseases.Exp Mol Med. 2017 May 26;49(5):e340. doi: 10.1038/emm.2017.36.

If you find any error in data or bug in web service, please kindly report it to Dr. Tang and Dr. Mou.