General Information of MIC (ID: MIC00714)
MIC Name	Lactobacillus fermentum (firmicutes)
MIC Synonyms	Lactobacterium fermentum
Body Site	Gut
Lineage	Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Firmicutes Class: Bacilli Order: Lactobacillales Family: Lactobacillaceae Genus: Lactobacillus Species: Lactobacillus fermentum
Oxygen Sensitivity	Facultative anaerobe
Microbial Metabolism	Saccharolytic; Respiratory or Fermentative
Gram	Positive
Host Relationship	Probiotic
Genome Size (bp)	2098685
Description	Lactobacillus fermentum is a Gram-positive species of bacterium in the genus Lactobacillus. It is associated with active dental caries lesions. Lactobacillus fermentum can also be a normal inhabitant of the human intestinal tract and some strains have been associated with cholesterol metabolism.
External Links	Taxonomy ID	1613
	Genome Assembly ID	LF_newbler2.7
	GOLD Organism ID	Go0004582
Disease Relevance
Inflammatory bowel disease  [ICD-11: DD72]
Description	Lactobacillus fermentum KBL374 and KBL375 may alleviate inflammatory bowel disease, in the gut by regulating immune responses and altering the composition of gut microbiota.				[1]
Type 2 diabetes mellitus  [ICD-11: 5A11]
Description	Lactobacillus fermentum was associated with type 2 diabetes.				[2]

Host Immune Factors (HIFs)
Interferon-10
HIF ID	HIFM0128	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	Lactobacillus fermentum infection could increase IL-10 expression.				[1]
Neutrophils
HIF ID	HIFC0029	HIF Info	Class	Granulocytes (Gra)
Description	Lactobacillus fermentum at neutrophil recovery was positively correlated with subsequent acute severe graft-versus-host disease.				[3]
CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells
HIF ID	HIFC0036	HIF Info	Class	T cells (TCs)
Description	Lactobacillus fermentum could increase CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells responses.				[1]
Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14
HIF ID	HIFM0037	HIF Info	Class	T-cell receptor (TCR)
Description	Probiotics(Lactobacillus fermentum) can inhibit the binding of lipopolysaccharides to the CD14 receptor.				[4]

Environmental Factor(s)
Disbiome ID			266
gutMDisorder ID			gm0398

References
1	Lactobacillus fermentum species ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by regulating the immune response and altering gut microbiota. Gut Microbes. 2019;10(6):696-711. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1589281. Epub 2019 Apr 3.
2	Global metabolic interaction network of the human gut microbiota for context-specific community-scale analysis. Nat Commun. 2017 Jun 6;8:15393. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15393.
3	Stool Microbiota at Neutrophil Recovery Is Predictive for Severe Acute Graft vs Host Disease After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Nov 29;65(12):1984-1991. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix699.
4	Probiotics importance and their immunomodulatory properties. J Cell Physiol. 2019 Jun;234(6):8008-8018. doi: 10.1002/jcp.27559. Epub 2018 Oct 14.

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