General Information of MIC (ID: MIC00057)
MIC Name	Akkermansia sp. (verrucomicrobia)
Body Site	Gut
Lineage	Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Verrucomicrobia Class: Verrucomicrobiae Order: Verrucomicrobiales Family: Akkermansiaceae Genus: Akkermansia Species: Akkermansia sp.
Oxygen Sensitivity	Anaerobe
Microbial Metabolism	Fermentative
Gram	Negative
Description	Akkermansia sp. is an anerobic, Gram negative species of the genus Akkermansia.
External Links	Taxonomy ID	1872421
	GOLD Organism ID	Go0546785
Disease Relevance
Autoimmune liver disease  [ICD-11: DB96]
Description	Akkermansia was decreased in Primary sclerosing cholangitis.				[1]
Inflammatory bowel disease  [ICD-11: DD72]
Description	Inflammatory bowel disease was associated with Akkermansia infection.				[2]
Multiple sclerosis  [ICD-11: 8A40]
Description	Akkermansia is upregulated in disease expression of Multiple sclerosis.				[3]
Ulcerative colitis  [ICD-11: DD71]
Description	Akkermansia was decreased in ulcerative colitis along with genus Roseburia.				[1]

Host Genetic Factors (HGFs)
KLB
HGF ID	HGF2334	HGF Info	Class	Copy Number Variation: Gene Deletion (CNV-GDe)
Description	The deletion of KLB increased the proportion of Bacteroides.				[4]
rs9822322
HGF ID	HGF1414	HGF Info	Class	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Non coding transcript variant (SNP-NCTV)
Description	The rs9822322 SNP was significantly associated with the abundance of Akkermansia (p-value=4.61E-06).				[5]
rs6781853
HGF ID	HGF1418	HGF Info	Class	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Intron variant (SNP-IV)
Description	The rs6781853 SNP was significantly associated with the abundance of Akkermansia (p-value=4.61E-06).				[5]
rs4894707
HGF ID	HGF1417	HGF Info	Class	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Intron variant (SNP-IV)
Description	The rs4894707 SNP was significantly associated with the abundance of Akkermansia (p-value=3.64E-06).				[5]
rs3774039
HGF ID	HGF1416	HGF Info	Class	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Intron variant (SNP-IV)
Description	The rs3774039 SNP was significantly associated with the abundance of Akkermansia (p-value=4.61E-06).				[5]
rs2168205
HGF ID	HGF1415	HGF Info	Class	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Intron variant (SNP-IV)
Description	The rs2168205 SNP was significantly associated with the abundance of Akkermansia (p-value=4.61E-06).				[5]

Host Immune Factors (HIFs)
HD-5(1-9)
HIF ID	HIFM0289	HIF Info	Class	Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
Description	HD-519 treatment could significantly increase the Akkermansia sp..				[6]
HD-5(7-32)
HIF ID	HIFM0290	HIF Info	Class	Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
Description	HD-5732 could preserve the selective increase of Akkermansia sp..				[6]
Immunoglobulin E
HIF ID	HIFM0271	HIF Info	Class	Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Description	Akkermansia resulted increased in non-IgE-mediated CMA(cows milk allergy) patients.				[7]
CD8+ T cells
HIF ID	HIFC0073	HIF Info	Class	T cells (TCs)
Description	A purified membrane protein from Akkermansia muciniphila blunts colitis associated tumourigenesis by modulation of CD8 T cells.				[8]

Environmental Factor(s)
Disbiome ID			67
gutMDisorder ID			gm0029

References
1	Distinct gut microbiota profiles in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jul 7;23(25):4548-4558. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i25.4548.
2	Phylotype-level 16S rRNA analysis reveals new bacterial indicators of health state in acute murine colitis. ISME J. 2012 Nov;6(11):2091-106. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2012.39. Epub 2012 May 10.
3	Interactions between the microbiota, immune and nervous systems in health and disease. Nat Neurosci. 2017 Feb;20(2):145-155. doi: 10.1038/nn.4476. Epub 2017 Jan 16.
4	-Klotho deficiency protects against obesity through a crosstalk between liver, microbiota, and brown adipose tissue.JCI Insight. 2017 Apr 20;2(8):e91809. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.91809. eCollection 2017 Apr 20.
5	Genome-Wide Association Studies of the Human Gut Microbiota.PLoS One. 2015 Nov 3;10(11):e0140301. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140301. eCollection 2015.
6	Paneth cell -defensins HD-5 and HD-6 display differential degradation into active antimicrobial fragments.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Feb 26;116(9):3746-3751. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1817376116. Epub 2019 Feb 11.
7	Gut microbiota composition and butyrate production in children affected by non-IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy.Sci Rep. 2018 Aug 21;8(1):12500. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30428-3.
8	A purified membrane protein from Akkermansia muciniphila or the pasteurised bacterium blunts colitis associated tumourigenesis by modulation of CD8(+) T cells in mice. Gut. 2020 Mar 13:gutjnl-2019-320105. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320105. Online ahead of print.

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