General Information of MIC (ID: MIC00549)
MIC Name	Enterococcus faecium (firmicutes)
MIC Synonyms	Streptococcus faecium
Body Site	Gut
Lineage	Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Firmicutes Class: Bacilli Order: Lactobacillales Family: Enterococcaceae Genus: Enterococcus Species: Enterococcus faecium
Oxygen Sensitivity	Facultative anaerobe
Microbial Metabolism	Saccharolytic; Fermentative
Gram	Positive
Host Relationship	Pathogen
Genome Size (bp)	3108034
No. of Coding Genes	2728
No. of Non-Coding Genes	22
No. of Small Non-Coding Genes	22
No. of Gene Transcripts	2750
No. of Base Pairs	2807001
Description	Enterococcus faecium is a facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic or non-hemolytic bacterium in the genus Enterococcus. It can be commensal in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, but it may also be pathogenic, causing diseases such as neonatal meningitis or endocarditis.
External Links	Taxonomy ID	1352
	Genome Assembly ID	ASM76498v1
	GOLD Organism ID	Go0001576

Host Genetic Factors (HGFs)
hsa-miR-423-5p
HGF ID	HGF0676	HGF Info	Class	Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
Description	The level of miR-423-5p expression was 2.11-fold upregulation by Enterococcus faecium.				[1]

Host Immune Factors (HIFs)
C-C motif chemokine 1
HIF ID	HIFM0016	HIF Info	Class	Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
Description	Enterococcus faecalis oral infection has been completely improved after elimination of M2b phenotype by CCL1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN).				[2]
Human beta defensin 3
HIF ID	HIFM0079	HIF Info	Class	Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
Description	HBD-3 of 8g/ml against Enterococcus faecium nosocomial strains bactericidal activity with defined resistance phenotypes such as amoxycillin.				[3]
Eosinophil cationic protein
HIF ID	HIFM0094	HIF Info	Class	Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
Description	The RNase 3 showed >10 bactericidal activity against Enterococcus faecium when the hemolytic activity of 11.2+0.1M or 11.2-0.1M and the peptide size reduction of 48%.				[4]
Ribonuclease 7
HIF ID	HIFM0201	HIF Info	Class	Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
Description	Antimicrobial activity RNase 7 (0.33M) was incubated without RNase inhibitor reduced the colony-forming units (CFUs) of Enterococcus faecium.				[5]
Programmed death-ligand 1
HIF ID	HIFM0189	HIF Info	Class	Checkpoint molecule (CM)
Description	Enterococcus faecium enrichment contributed to better response to anti-PD-L1 therapy.				[6]
Nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway
HIF ID	HIFP0029	HIF Info	Class	Signaling pathway (SP)
Description	The abundance of Enterococcus faecium is associated with NOD2.				[7]

Environmental Factor(s)
Disbiome ID			269
gutMDisorder ID			gm0289
aBiofilm Organism			Enterococcus faecium

References
1	Feeding of Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 Leads to Intestinal miRNA-423-5p-Induced Regulation of Immune-Relevant Genes. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2016 Apr 4;82(8):2263-2269. doi: 10.1128/AEM.04044-15. Print 2016 Apr.
2	Survival of Mice with Gastrointestinal Acute Radiation Syndrome through Control of Bacterial Translocation.J Immunol. 2018 Jul 1;201(1):77-86. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701515. Epub 2018 May 9.
3	Expression and antimicrobial character of cells transfected with human defensin3 against periodontitisassociated microbiota in vitro.Mol Med Rep. 2017 Sep;16(3):2455-2460. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6913. Epub 2017 Jul 4.
4	Exploring the mechanisms of action of human secretory RNase 3 and RNase 7 against Candida albicans.Microbiologyopen. 2016 Oct;5(5):830-845. doi: 10.1002/mbo3.373. Epub 2016 Jun 8.
5	An endogenous ribonuclease inhibitor regulates the antimicrobial activity of ribonuclease 7 in the human urinary tract.Kidney Int. 2014 May;85(5):1179-91. doi: 10.1038/ki.2013.395. Epub 2013 Oct 9.
6	Modulation of gut microbiota to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in cancer immunotherapy.Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2020 Jun 30;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.06.004. Online ahead of print.
7	Enterococcus faecium secreted antigen A generates muropeptides to enhance host immunity and limit bacterial pathogenesis. Elife. 2019 Apr 10;8:e45343. doi: 10.7554/eLife.45343.

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