General Information of HIF (ID: HIFM0189)
HIF Name	Programmed death-ligand 1
HIF Synonym(s)	CD274, PD-L1
HIF Classification	Checkpoint molecule (CM)
Molecular Function	Receptor
Description	PD-L1 plays a major role in preventing overactivation of host immune system and in keeping immunological homeostasis and tolerance by being expressed "at appropriate timing" and on "appropriate cell types".				[1]
Pfam	CD80-like C2-set immunoglobulin domain (PF08205 )
	Immunoglobulin V-set domain (PF07686 )
Pathway	Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) (hsa04514 )
	PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer (hsa05235 )
Sequence	Click here to download the HIF sequence in FASTA format
External Links
	Uniprot ID	PD1L1_HUMAN

Microbe Species (MIC) Regulated by This HIF
Akkermansia muciniphila (verrucomicrobia)			MIC00056
Description	Reconstitution with Akkermansia muciniphila could reverse resistance to PD-1 blockade.				[2]
Alistipes putredinis (CFB bacteria)			MIC00067
Description	Alistipes putredinis is associated with PD-L1.				[3]
Bifidobacterium breve (actinobacteria)			MIC00210
Description	Bifidobacterium breve could result in an improved tumor control with the improvement was further augmented in combination with anti-PD-L1 antibody treatment.				[1]
Bifidobacterium longum (actinobacteria)			MIC00232
Description	Bifidobacterium longum was associated with anti-tumor efficacies of PD-1-based therapy.				[1]
Bifidobacterium sp. (actinobacteria)			MIC00224
Description	Bifidobacterium have been associated with response to PD-L1 blockade in humans.				[2]
Collinsella aerofaciens (actinobacteria)			MIC00432
Description	Collinsella aerofaciens enrichment contributed to better response to anti-PD-L1 therapy.				[3]
Enterococcus faecium (firmicutes)			MIC00549
Description	Enterococcus faecium enrichment contributed to better response to anti-PD-L1 therapy.				[3]
Faecalibacterium sp. (firmicutes)			MIC00589
Description	The response to anti-PD-L1 therapy significantly correlated with fecal transplantations from patients abundant in Faecalibacterium.				[2]
Prevotella sp. (CFB bacteria)			MIC01024
Description	Prevotella is associated with PD-L1.				[3]
Ruminococcus sp. (firmicutes)			MIC01140
Description	The response to anti-PD-L1 therapy significantly correlated with fecal transplantations from patients abundant in Ruminococcaceae family.				[2]
Staphylococcus aureus (firmicutes)			MIC01208
Description	Staphylococcus aureus inhibited T-cell IL-2 responses through modulation of PD-L1.				[4]
Streptococcus pneumoniae (firmicutes)			MIC01263
Description	PD-L1 was important negative regulators of the adaptive immune response to the polysaccharide capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae.				[5]

References
1	Microbial biomarkers for immune checkpoint blockade therapy against cancer.J Gastroenterol. 2018 Sep;53(9):999-1005. doi: 10.1007/s00535-018-1492-9. Epub 2018 Jul 12.
2	The gut microbiome and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors: preclinical and clinical strategies.Clin Transl Med. 2019 Mar 18;8(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s40169-019-0225-x.
3	Modulation of gut microbiota to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in cancer immunotherapy.Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2020 Jun 30;54:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.06.004. Online ahead of print.
4	Control of adaptive immune responses by Staphylococcus aureus through IL-10, PD-L1, and TLR2.Sci Rep. 2012;2:606. doi: 10.1038/srep00606. Epub 2012 Aug 28.
5	PD-L2 Regulates B-1 Cell Antibody Production against Phosphorylcholine through an IL-5-Dependent Mechanism.J Immunol. 2017 Sep 15;199(6):2020-2029. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700555. Epub 2017 Aug 2.

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