General Information of MIC (ID: MIC00210)
MIC Name	Bifidobacterium breve (actinobacteria)
MIC Synonyms	Bifidobacterium parvulorum
Body Site	Gut
Lineage	Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Actinobacteria Class: Actinobacteria Order: Bifidobacteriales Family: Bifidobacteriaceae Genus: Bifidobacterium Species: Bifidobacterium breve
Oxygen Sensitivity	Obligate anaerobe
Microbial Metabolism	Saccharolytic; Fermentative
Gram	Positive
Host Relationship	Probiotic; Commensal
Genome Size (bp)	2263780
No. of Coding Genes	1887
No. of Non-Coding Genes	58
No. of Small Non-Coding Genes	58
No. of Gene Transcripts	1945
No. of Base Pairs	2263780
Description	Members of the species Bifidobacterium breve are anaerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium that lack cell motility, sporulation, and a cell capsule. Although B. breve have been found within the gut flora of fully grown adult humans, they are found in much higher quantities within the infant gut.
External Links	Taxonomy ID	1685
	Genome Assembly ID	Bifbre
	GOLD Organism ID	Go0020659
Disease Relevance
Alzheimer disease  [ICD-11: 8A20]
Description	Bifidobacterium breve was associated with alzheimers disease.				[1]
Ulcerative colitis  [ICD-11: DD71]
Description	Fermented milk products containing Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult (BFM) may improve clinical status in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients.				[2]

Host Genetic Factors (HGFs)
VIPR2
HGF ID	HGF2350	HGF Info	Class	Copy Number Variation: Gene Deletion (CNV-GDe)
Description	The deletion of VIPR2 has been associated with the increased abundance of Bifidobacterium breve.				[3]
rs651821
HGF ID	HGF1924	HGF Info	Class	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Prime UTR variant (SNP-PV)
Description	The APOA5 SNP rs651821 might be an important host genetic factor in determining the abundances of the health-promoting Bifidobacterium bacteria and the taxa to which this genus belongs.				[4]

Host Immune Factors (HIFs)
Regenerating islet-derived protein 3-gamma
HIF ID	HIFM0198	HIF Info	Class	Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
Description	The phenotype was reversed by colonization of the mice with altered Bifidobacterium breve and normalized RegIII expression levels.				[5]
Programmed death-ligand 1
HIF ID	HIFM0189	HIF Info	Class	Checkpoint molecule (CM)
Description	Bifidobacterium breve could result in an improved tumor control with the improvement was further augmented in combination with anti-PD-L1 antibody treatment.				[6]
Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 15
HIF ID	HIFM0224	HIF Info	Class	Checkpoint molecule (CM)
Description	The Bifidobacterium breve could activate TL1A expression in human APC, including monocytes and monocyte-derived DC.				[7]
Glucagon-like peptide 1
HIF ID	HIFM0107	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	Bifidobacterium breve is associated with the GLP-1 expression.				[8]
C-X-C motif chemokine 8
HIF ID	HIFM0153	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	Brucella canis is associated with IL-8.				[8]
Interferon gamma
HIF ID	HIFM0260	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	At the species level, Bifidobacterium breve is associated with IFN-Gamma.				[8]
Immunoglobulin E
HIF ID	HIFM0271	HIF Info	Class	Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Description	IgE immune responses was associated with Bifidobacterium breve.				[9]
Regulatory T cells
HIF ID	HIFC0030	HIF Info	Class	T cells (TCs)
Description	Bifidobacterium breve M-16V+ LRG significantly increased the Treg proportion in large intestinal LPL CD4+ cells.				[8]
CD4+ regulatory T cells
HIF ID	HIFC0034	HIF Info	Class	T cells (TCs)
Description	Bifidobacterium breve M-16V+ LRG significantly increased the Treg proportion in large intestinal LPL CD4+ cells.				[8]
Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14
HIF ID	HIFM0037	HIF Info	Class	T-cell receptor (TCR)
Description	Probiotics(Bifidobacterium breve) can inhibit the binding of lipopolysaccharides to the CD14 receptor.				[10]

Environmental Factor(s)
Disbiome ID			111
gutMDisorder ID			gm0109

References
1	Therapeutic potential of Bifidobacterium breve strain A1 for preventing cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep. 2017 Oct 18;7(1):13510. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13368-2.
2	Efficacy of Bifidobacterium breve Fermented Milk in Maintaining Remission of Ulcerative Colitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2018 Jul;63(7):1910-1919. doi: 10.1007/s10620-018-4946-2. Epub 2018 Feb 15.
3	Association of gut microbiota composition and copy number variation with Kasai procedure outcomes in infants with biliary atresia.Pediatr Neonatol. 2020 Apr;61(2):238-240. doi: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2019.12.011. Epub 2020 Jan 7.
4	The effect of heritability and host genetics on the gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome.Gut. 2017 Jun;66(6):1031-1038. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-311326. Epub 2016 Apr 6.
5	Intestinal antimicrobial peptides during homeostasis, infection, and disease.Front Immunol. 2012 Oct 9;3:310. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00310. eCollection 2012.
6	Microbial biomarkers for immune checkpoint blockade therapy against cancer.J Gastroenterol. 2018 Sep;53(9):999-1005. doi: 10.1007/s00535-018-1492-9. Epub 2018 Jul 12.
7	Microbial induction of inflammatory bowel disease associated gene TL1A (TNFSF15) in antigen presenting cells.Eur J Immunol. 2009 Nov;39(11):3239-50. doi: 10.1002/eji.200839087.
8	The Combination of Bifidobacterium breve and Three Prebiotic Oligosaccharides Modifies Gut Immune and Endocrine Functions in Neonatal Mice. J Nutr. 2019 Feb 1;149(2):344-353. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy248.
9	A synbiotic-containing amino-acid-based formula improves gut microbiota in non-IgE-mediated allergic infants.Pediatr Res. 2018 Mar;83(3):677-686. doi: 10.1038/pr.2017.270. Epub 2017 Dec 6.
10	Probiotics importance and their immunomodulatory properties. J Cell Physiol. 2019 Jun;234(6):8008-8018. doi: 10.1002/jcp.27559. Epub 2018 Oct 14.

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