Details of Microbe Species (MIC)

General Information of MIC (ID: MIC00056)
MIC Name Akkermansia muciniphila (verrucomicrobia)
Body Site Gut
Lineage Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Verrucomicrobia
Class: Verrucomicrobiae
Order: Verrucomicrobiales
Family: Akkermansiaceae
Genus: Akkermansia
Species: Akkermansia muciniphila
Oxygen Sensitivity Obligate anaerobe
Microbial Metabolism Saccharolytic; Fermentative
Gram Negative
Host Relationship Commensal
Genome Size (bp) 2745273
No. of Coding Genes 2329
No. of Non-Coding Genes 64
No. of Small Non-Coding Genes 64
No. of Gene Transcripts 2420
No. of Pseudogenes 27
No. of Base Pairs 2745273
Description Akkermansia muciniphila is an obligate anaerobic, Gram negative species of human intestinal bacterium. It is a member of the Verrucomicrobia which are also common in soil and water. This bacterium is a mucin-degrading microorganism. The bacterium has also been associated with Crohn's disease.
External Links Taxonomy ID
239935
Genome Assembly ID
ASM168876v1
GOLD Organism ID
Go0000931
Disease Relevance
          Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis  [ICD-11: 8B60]
             Description Akkermansia muciniphila ameliorated the symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. [1]
          Autism spectrum disorder  [ICD-11: 6A02]
             Description Akkermansia muciniphila was significantly reduced in gut microbiota of autistic children. [2]
          Autoimmune liver disease  [ICD-11: DB96]
             Description Akkermansia muciniphila was decreased in Primary sclerosing cholangitis. [3]
          Crohn disease  [ICD-11: DD70]
             Description Depletion of Akkermansia muciniphila in this subgroup of subjects suggests that it could be a potential biomarker to assist in pediatric Crohns disease diagnosis. [4]
          Obesity  [ICD-11: 5B81]
             Description Obesity seems be related to increases of Akkermansia muciniphila. [5]
          Type 2 diabetes mellitus  [ICD-11: 5A11]
             Description Akkermansia muciniphila was associated with type 2 diabetes. [6]
          Ulcerative colitis  [ICD-11: DD71]
             Description Akkermansia muciniphila was decreased in ulcerative colitis along with genus Roseburia. [3]
Host Genetic Factors (HGFs)
          IL10
             HGF ID HGF2313 HGF Info       Class Copy Number Variation: Gene Deletion (CNV-GDe)
             Description The deletion of IL-10 has been significantly associated with the increased amount of Akkermansia muciniphila (p-value<0.05). [7]
          CYP27B1
             HGF ID HGF2312 HGF Info       Class Copy Number Variation: Gene Deletion (CNV-GDe)
             Description The deletion of CYP27B1 has been significantly associated with the increased amount of Akkermansia muciniphila (p-value<0.01). [8]
          MUC2
             HGF ID HGF2331 HGF Info       Class Copy Number Variation: Gene Deletion (CNV-GDe)
             Description The deletion of MUC2 increased the abundance of Akkermansia municiphila. [9]
          HES1
             HGF ID HGF2338 HGF Info       Class Copy Number Variation: Gene Deletion (CNV-GDe)
             Description The deletion of HES1 was significantly associated with the increased abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila (p-value<0.0001). [10]
          SMARCAD1
             HGF ID HGF2342 HGF Info       Class Copy Number Variation: Gene Deletion (CNV-GDe)
             Description The deletion of SMARCAD1 was significantly associated with a decrease of Akkermansia muciniphila (p-value<0.05). [11]
          SLC15A1
             HGF ID HGF2354 HGF Info       Class Copy Number Variation: Gene Deletion (CNV-GDe)
             Description The deletion of PepT1 could decrease the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila. [12]
          rs692899
             HGF ID HGF1629 HGF Info       Class Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Intron variant (SNP-IV)
             Description The rs692899 SNP was significantly associated with the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila (p-value=1.83E-07). [13]
          rs10081087
             HGF ID HGF2034 HGF Info       Class Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)
             Description The rs10081087 SNP was significantly associated with the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila (p-value=2.16E-06). [13]
Host Immune Factors (HIFs)
          Regenerating islet-derived protein 3-gamma
             HIF ID HIFM0198 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description Akkermansia muciniphila transfer increased expression of antimicrobial peptide REGIII gamma. [14]
          Programmed death-ligand 1
             HIF ID HIFM0189 HIF Info       Class Checkpoint molecule (CM)
             Description Reconstitution with Akkermansia muciniphila could reverse resistance to PD-1 blockade. [15]
          Programmed Cell Death 1 Protein
             HIF ID HIFM0191 HIF Info       Class Checkpoint molecule (CM)
             Description Akkermansia muciniphila may maintain the normal efficacy of PDCD1 antibody by affecting the metabolism of glycerophospholipid. [16]
          Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9
             HIF ID HIFM0233 HIF Info       Class Checkpoint molecule (CM)
             Description The abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila is associated with 4-1BB. [17]
          Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 9
             HIF ID HIFM0228 HIF Info       Class Checkpoint molecule (CM)
             Description Akkermansia muciniphila was associated with 4-1BBL. [18]
          Interferon-10
             HIF ID HIFM0128 HIF Info       Class Cytokine (Cyt)
             Description Akkermansia muciniphila could increase the level of IL-10 expression. [19]
          Interferon-6
             HIF ID HIFM0151 HIF Info       Class Cytokine (Cyt)
             Description Akkermansia muciniphila induced higher levels of IL-6. [19]
          C-X-C motif chemokine 8
             HIF ID HIFM0153 HIF Info       Class Cytokine (Cyt)
             Description Akkermansia muciniphila induced higher expression level of IL-8. [19]
          Tumor necrosis factor
             HIF ID HIFM0226 HIF Info       Class Cytokine (Cyt)
             Description Akkermansia muciniphila could decrease TNF-Alpha. [19]
          Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III
             HIF ID HIFM0102 HIF Info       Class Fc Receptor (FCR)
             Description Akkermansia muciniphila decreased the proportion of CD16+ macrophages in the spleen. [20]
          Immunoglobulin G1
             HIF ID HIFM0269 HIF Info       Class Immunoglobulin (Ig)
             Description Akkermansia muciniphila induced IgG1 antibodies response. [21]
          Regulatory T cells
             HIF ID HIFC0030 HIF Info       Class T cells (TCs)
             Description Akkermansia muciniphila is associated with Treg responses. [19]
          FOXP3+ regulatory T cells
             HIF ID HIFC0033 HIF Info       Class T cells (TCs)
             Description Akkermansia muciniphila could increase adipose tissue-resident CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. [19]
          CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells
             HIF ID HIFC0200 HIF Info       Class T cells (TCs)
             Description Akkermansia muciniphila could increase adipose tissue-resident CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. [19]
          T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain
             HIF ID HIFM0056 HIF Info       Class T-cell receptor (TCR)
             Description A purified membrane protein from Akkermansia muciniphila can modulate CD8+ T cells in mice. [20]
          Toll-like receptor 2
             HIF ID HIFM0217 HIF Info       Class Toll-like receptor (TLR)
             Description Akkermansia muciniphila could activate the NF-B pathway through TLR4 and TLR2 receptors. [19]
          Toll-like receptor 4
             HIF ID HIFM0219 HIF Info       Class Toll-like receptor (TLR)
             Description Akkermansia muciniphila could activate the NF-B pathway through TLR4 and TLR2 receptors. [19]
Environmental Factor(s)
             Disbiome ID
      45
             gutMDisorder ID
      gm0030
References
1 Potential roles of gut microbiome and metabolites in modulating ALS in mice. Nature. 2019 Aug;572(7770):474-480. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1443-5. Epub 2019 Jul 22.
2 Gastrointestinal microbiota in children with autism in Slovakia. Physiol Behav. 2015 Jan;138:179-87. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.10.033. Epub 2014 Nov 6.
3 Distinct gut microbiota profiles in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jul 7;23(25):4548-4558. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i25.4548.
4 Alterations in the Abundance and Co-occurrence of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the Colonic Mucosa of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Subjects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018 Sep 7;8:281. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00281. eCollection 2018.
5 The human gut microbiota: Metabolism and perspective in obesity. Gut Microbes. 2018 Jul 4;9(4):308-325. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1465157. Epub 2018 May 24.
6 Global metabolic interaction network of the human gut microbiota for context-specific community-scale analysis. Nat Commun. 2017 Jun 6;8:15393. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15393.
7 Lactobacillus plantarum LPOnlly alters the gut flora and attenuates colitis by inducing microbiome alteration in interleukin10 knockout mice.Mol Med Rep. 2017 Nov;16(5):5979-5985. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7351. Epub 2017 Aug 24.
8 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) deficiency-induced gut microbial dysbiosis degrades the colonic mucus barrier in Cyp27b1 knockout mouse model.Gut Pathog. 2019 Feb 20;11:8. doi: 10.1186/s13099-019-0291-z. eCollection 2019.
9 The Dynamic Changes of Gut Microbiota in Muc2 Deficient Mice.Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Sep 18;19(9):2809. doi: 10.3390/ijms19092809.
10 Epithelial Hes1 maintains gut homeostasis by preventing microbial dysbiosis.Mucosal Immunol. 2018 May;11(3):716-726. doi: 10.1038/mi.2017.111. Epub 2018 Jan 3.
11 Smarcad1 mediates microbiota-induced inflammation in mouse and coordinates gene expression in the intestinal epithelium.Genome Biol. 2020 Mar 11;21(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s13059-020-01976-7.
12 Impact of PepT1 deletion on microbiota composition and colitis requires multiple generations.NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2020 Jul 21;6(1):27. doi: 10.1038/s41522-020-0137-y.
13 Genetic Determinants of the Gut Microbiome in UK Twins.Cell Host Microbe. 2016 May 11;19(5):731-43. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.04.017.
14 Akkermansia muciniphila induces gut microbiota remodelling and controls islet autoimmunity in NOD mice. Gut. 2018 Aug;67(8):1445-1453. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314508. Epub 2017 Dec 21.
15 The gut microbiome and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors: preclinical and clinical strategies.Clin Transl Med. 2019 Mar 18;8(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s40169-019-0225-x.
16 Gut Microbiome Influences the Efficacy of PD-1 Antibody Immunotherapy on MSS-Type Colorectal Cancer via Metabolic Pathway.Front Microbiol. 2020 Apr 30;11:814. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00814. eCollection 2020.
17 Microbiome Dependent Regulation of T(regs) and Th17 Cells in Mucosa.Front Immunol. 2019 Mar 8;10:426. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00426. eCollection 2019.
18 Commensal bacteria contribute to insulin resistance in aging by activating innate B1a cells.Sci Transl Med. 2018 Nov 14;10(467):eaat4271. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat4271.
19 Pili-like proteins of Akkermansia muciniphila modulate host immune responses and gut barrier function. PLoS One. 2017 Mar 1;12(3):e0173004. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173004. eCollection 2017.
20 A purified membrane protein from Akkermansia muciniphila or the pasteurised bacterium blunts colitis associated tumourigenesis by modulation of CD8(+) T cells in mice. Gut. 2020 Mar 13:gutjnl-2019-320105. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320105. Online ahead of print.
21 Akkermansia muciniphila induces intestinal adaptive immune responses during homeostasis.Science. 2019 Jun 21;364(6446):1179-1184. doi: 10.1126/science.aaw7479.

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