Details of Host Immune Factor (HIF) Regulating Microbe Species (MIC)

General Information of HIF (ID: HIFM0217)
HIF Name
Toll-like receptor 2
HIF Synonym(s)
toll like receptor 2, TLR2, TIL4, CD282
HIF Classification
Toll-like receptor (TLR)
Molecular Function
Hydrolase; Receptor
Description Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) is expressed on the surface of numerous cells and has a large number of reported ligands. These include components of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, mycobacteria, the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, and zymosan, a yeast wall component. [1]
Pfam Leucine rich repeat C-terminal domain (PF01463 )
Leucine rich repeat (PF13855 )
TIR domain (PF01582 )
Pathway Amoebiasis (hsa05146 )
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) (hsa05142 )
Epstein-Barr virus infection (hsa05169 )
Hepatitis B (hsa05161 )
Herpes simplex virus 1 infection (hsa05168 )
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection (hsa05170 )
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (hsa05321 )
Legionellosis (hsa05134 )
Leishmaniasis (hsa05140 )
Malaria (hsa05144 )
Measles (hsa05162 )
PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer (hsa05235 )
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (hsa04151 )
Phagosome (hsa04145 )
Proteoglycans in cancer (hsa05205 )
Rheumatoid arthritis (hsa05323 )
Salmonella infection (hsa05132 )
Toll-like receptor signaling pathway (hsa04620 )
Toxoplasmosis (hsa05145 )
Tuberculosis (hsa05152 )
Sequence Click here to download the HIF sequence in FASTA format
External Links
Uniprot ID
TLR2_HUMAN
Microbe Species (MIC) Regulated by This HIF
         Aeromonas hydrophila (gamma-proteobacteria) MIC00046
             Description The transcriptional levels of immune related genes such as TLR2 could against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. [2]
         Akkermansia muciniphila (verrucomicrobia) MIC00056
             Description Akkermansia muciniphila could activate the NF-B pathway through TLR4 and TLR2 receptors. [3]
         Atopobium vaginae (actinobacteria) MIC00110
             Description Atopobium vaginae induction of IL-8 is mediated by TLR2. [4]
         Bacillus subtilis (firmicutes) MIC00136
             Description Bacillus subtilis coincubation of cultured cells with either spores (3*106) or vegetative cells (3*106) showed a clear temporal increase in expression of TLR2(p<0.05). [5]
         Chlamydia pneumoniae (chlamydias) MIC00350
             Description The NLRP3 inflammasome can detect cellular stress induced by Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection, resulting in caspase-1 activation and production of IL-18 following priming by the TLR2/MyD88 pathway. [6]
         Corynebacterium glutamicum (actinobacteria) MIC00455
             Description TLR2 but not TLR4 seems to be critical for sensing cell wall extracts from Corynebacterium glutamicum by primary macrophages. [7]
         Ehrlichia chaffeensis (alpha-proteobacteria) MIC00523
             Description Ehrlichia chaffeensis leads to the downregulation expression of TLR2. [8]
         Lactobacillus acidophilus (firmicutes) MIC00702
             Description The stimulatory effects of the Lactobacillus acidophilus could be observed on TLR2. [9]
         Lactobacillus casei (firmicutes) MIC00707
             Description TLR2 expressed statistically different afrer Lactobacillus casei infection. [10]
         Lactobacillus plantarum (firmicutes) MIC00730
             Description Lactobacillus plantarum could stimulate the expression of the TLR-2. [11]
         Legionella pneumophila (gamma-proteobacteria) MIC00751
             Description Legionella pneumophila induced the expression of CD14 via TLR2. [12]
         Leptospira borgpetersenii (spirochaetes) MIC00758
             Description Leptospira borgpetersenii is associated with TLR2 expression. [13]
         Leptospira interrogans (spirochaetes) MIC00759
             Description Innate immune memory through TLR2 contributes to the control of Leptospira interrogans infection. [14]
         Listeria monocytogenes (firmicutes) MIC00771
             Description Listeria monocytogenes is associated with TLR2 expression. [15]
         Mycobacterium tuberculosis (actinobacteria) MIC00857
             Description Mycobacterium tuberculosis was associated with TLR2 expression. [16]
         Mycobacteroides abscessus (actinobacteria) MIC00845
             Description Mycobacterium abscessus induced TNF- production through TLR2 and myeloid differentiation 88 signaling pathways. [17]
         Mycoplasma genitalium (mycoplasmas) MIC00870
             Description Mycoplasma genitalium is associated with TLR2 expression. [18]
         Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mycoplasmas) MIC00872
             Description Tlr2 mediated the IgA immune response induced by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. [19]
         Paeniclostridium sordellii (firmicutes) MIC00417
             Description Clostridium sordellii was nearly 2-fold higher well recognized when TLR2 was co-expressed with TLR6 than expressing TLR2 alone. [20]
         Porphyromonas endodontalis (CFB bacteria) MIC00999
             Description The total lipid extract of Porphyromonas endodontalis mediates its inhibitory effects on osteoblasts through engagement of TLR2. [21]
         Porphyromonas gingivalis (CFB bacteria) MIC01000
             Description TLR2/1 ligation induces cytokine and chemokine release which is antagonized by Porphyromonas gingivalis. [22]
         Prevotella nanceiensis (CFB bacteria) MIC01018
             Description The diminished lung inflammatory capacity of Prevotella nanceiensis was dependent on TLR2. [23]
         Prevotella nigrescens (CFB bacteria) MIC01019
             Description Prevotella nigrescens was found to drive Th17 responses in vitro through the production of IL1 by bonemarrowderived dendritic cells in a Tolllike receptor 2 (TLR2) dependent manner. [23]
         Rothia dentocariosa (actinobacteria) MIC01124
             Description Rothia dentocariosa induced TNF-alpha production in a TLR2-dependent manner. [24]
         Spirochaetes (bacteria) MIC01204
             Description Oral Spirochaetes which active TNF- production through TLR2 MyD88 in macrophages. [25]
         Streptococcus gordonii (firmicutes) MIC01252
             Description TNF is able to prime BM-DCs to better respond to Streptococcus gordonii, through a mechanism at least partially involving TLR-2 upregulation. [26]
         Streptococcus intermedius (firmicutes) MIC01255
             Description Streptococcus intermedius is associated with Toll-like receptor 2 activation. [27]
         Streptococcus pyogenes (firmicutes) MIC01267
             Description The blockage of phagocytosis almost abolished responses of TLR2-deficient cells to Streptococcus pyogenes infection(multiplicity of infection=50). [28]
         Streptococcus thermophilus (firmicutes) MIC01272
             Description Streptococcus thermophilus could the decreased mRNA expression of TLR2. [29]
         Treponema denticola (spirochetes) MIC01322
             Description Treponema denticola stimulates the innate immune system through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). [30]
         Trichophyton rubrum (ascomycetes) MIC01331
             Description Trichophyton rubrum conidia modulate the expression and transport of Toll-like receptor 2 in HaCaT cell. [31]
References
1 Biglycan-triggered TLR-2- and TLR-4-signaling exacerbates the pathophysiology of ischemic acute kidney injury.Matrix Biol. 2014 Apr;35:143-51. doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.01.010. Epub 2014 Jan 28.
2 Replacement of fishmeal by spirulina Arthrospira platensis affects growth, immune related-gene expression in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS III), and its challenge against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2018 Aug;79:265-273. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.022. Epub 2018 May 26.
3 Pili-like proteins of Akkermansia muciniphila modulate host immune responses and gut barrier function. PLoS One. 2017 Mar 1;12(3):e0173004. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173004. eCollection 2017.
4 Atopobium vaginae triggers an innate immune response in an in vitro model of bacterial vaginosis. Microbes Infect. 2008 Apr;10(4):439-46. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.01.004. Epub 2008 Jan 12.
5 Immunostimulatory activity of Bacillus spores. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2008 Jul;53(2):195-203. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2008.00415.x. Epub 2008 Apr 21.
6 Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection and Inflammatory Diseases. For Immunopathol Dis Therap. 2016;7(3-4):237-254. doi: 10.1615/ForumImmunDisTher.2017020161.
7 The role of corynomycolic acids in Corynebacterium-host interaction. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2018 May;111(5):717-725. doi: 10.1007/s10482-018-1036-6. Epub 2018 Feb 12.
8 Proteomic analysis of and immune responses to Ehrlichia chaffeensis lipoproteins. Infect Immun. 2008 Aug;76(8):3405-14. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00056-08. Epub 2008 May 19.
9 Synbiotic Effects of the Dietary Fiber Long-Chain Inulin and Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus W37 Can be Caused by Direct, Synergistic Stimulation of Immune Toll-Like Receptors and Dendritic Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018 Jun 14;62(15):e1800251. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201800251. Online ahead of print.
10 The Impact of Lactobacillus casei on the Composition of the Cecal Microbiota and Innate Immune System Is Strain Specific. PLoS One. 2016 May 31;11(5):e0156374. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156374. eCollection 2016.
11 Short communication: Complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum J26, a probiotic strain with immunomodulatory activity. J Dairy Sci. 2019 Dec;102(12):10838-10844. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-16593. Epub 2019 Sep 20.
12 Innate immunity to legionella pneumophila. Front Microbiol. 2011 May 16;2:109. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00109. eCollection 2011.
13 Evaluation of type 1 immune response in naive and vaccinated animals following challenge with Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo: involvement of WC1(+) gammadelta and CD4 T cells. Infect Immun. 2002 Nov;70(11):6147-57. doi: 10.1128/iai.70.11.6147-6157.2002.
14 Innate immune memory through TLR2 and NOD2 contributes to the control of Leptospira interrogans infection. PLoS Pathog. 2019 May 20;15(5):e1007811. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007811. eCollection 2019 May.
15 HDAC6 controls innate immune and autophagy responses to TLR-mediated signalling by the intracellular bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS Pathog. 2017 Dec 27;13(12):e1006799. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006799. eCollection 2017 Dec.
16 Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Narrative Review. Front Pediatr. 2019 Aug 27;7:350. doi: 10.3389/fped.2019.00350. eCollection 2019.
17 Host immune response to rapidly growing mycobacteria, an emerging cause of chronic lung disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2010 Oct;43(4):387-93. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0276TR. Epub 2010 Jan 15.
18 Mycoplasma genitalium can modulate the local immune response in patients with endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 2018 Mar;109(3):549-560.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.11.009. Epub 2018 Feb 7.
19 Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 Mediate the IgA Immune Response Induced by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Infect Immun. 2019 Dec 17;88(1):e00697-19. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00697-19. Print 2019 Dec 17.
20 Innate immune recognition of, and response to, Clostridium sordellii. Anaerobe. 2010 Apr;16(2):125-30. doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.06.004. Epub 2009 Jun 25.
21 Biologic activity of porphyromonas endodontalis complex lipids. J Endod. 2014 Sep;40(9):1342-8. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.02.017. Epub 2014 Apr 13.
22 The role of Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipains in platelet activation and innate immune modulation. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2015 Feb;30(1):62-73. doi: 10.1111/omi.12067. Epub 2014 Oct 3.
23 The immune response to Prevotella bacteria in chronic inflammatory disease. Immunology. 2017 Aug;151(4):363-374. doi: 10.1111/imm.12760. Epub 2017 Jun 20.
24 Rothia dentocariosa induces TNF-alpha production in a TLR2-dependent manner. Pathog Dis. 2014 Jun;71(1):65-8. doi: 10.1111/2049-632X.12115. Epub 2013 Dec 16.
25 New insights into the emerging role of oral spirochaetes in periodontal disease. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011 Apr;17(4):502-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03460.x.
26 Synergistic BM-DC activation and immune induction by the oral vaccine vector Streptococcus gordonii and exogenous tumor necrosis factor. Mol Immunol. 2009 May;46(8-9):1883-91. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.02.008. Epub 2009 Mar 10.
27 Histone-like DNA binding protein of Streptococcus intermedius induces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human monocytes via activation of ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. Cell Microbiol. 2008 Jan;10(1):262-76. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.01040.x. Epub 2007 Sep 20.
28 Innate immune response to Streptococcus pyogenes depends on the combined activation of TLR13 and TLR2. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 10;10(3):e0119727. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119727. eCollection 2015.
29 Streptococcus thermophilus alters the expression of genes associated with innate and adaptive immunity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. PLoS One. 2020 Feb 11;15(2):e0228531. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228531. eCollection 2020.
30 Activation of the Innate Immune System by Treponema denticola Periplasmic Flagella through Toll-Like Receptor 2. Infect Immun. 2017 Dec 19;86(1):e00573-17. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00573-17. Print 2018 Jan.
31 Trichophyton rubrum conidia modulate the expression and transport of Toll-like receptor 2 in HaCaT cell. Microb Pathog. 2015 Jun-Jul;83-84:1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.04.002. Epub 2015 Apr 11.

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