General Information of MIC (ID: MIC00845)
MIC Name	Mycobacteroides abscessus (actinobacteria)
MIC Synonyms	Mycobacterium chelonei
Body Site	Skin
Lineage	Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Actinobacteria Class: Actinobacteria Order: Corynebacteriales Family: Mycobacteriaceae Genus: Mycobacteroides Species: Mycobacteroides abscessus
Oxygen Sensitivity	Aerobe
Microbial Metabolism	Respiratory
Gram	Positive
Host Relationship	Pathogen
Genome Size (bp)	4826045
Description	Mycobacterium abscessus is an aerobic, Gram positive bacterium. It is the most pathogenic and chemotherapy-resistant rapidly growing mycobacteria. Mycobacterium abscessus causes severe, chronic pulmonary infections in susceptible hosts.
External Links	Taxonomy ID	36809
	Genome Assembly ID	ASM167721v1
	GOLD Organism ID	Go0519494
Disease Relevance
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease  [ICD-11: CA22]
Description	Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging pathogen capable of causing invasive pulmonary infections in patients with chronic lung diseases.				[1]
Cystic fibrosis  [ICD-11: CA25]
Description	Lung infections with Mycobacterium abscessus, a species of multidrug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacteria, are emerging as an important global threat to individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), in whom M. abscessus accelerates inflammatory lung damage, leading to increased morbidity and mortality.				[2]
Tuberculosis  [ICD-11: 1B10]
Description	Tuberculosis is a contagious, infectious disease, due to Mycobacterium.				[3]

Host Genetic Factors (HGFs)
hsa-miR-146a-5p
HGF ID	HGF0252	HGF Info	Class	Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
Description	The level of miR-146a expression is increased by Mycobacterium infection.				[4]
hsa-miR-21-5p
HGF ID	HGF0204	HGF Info	Class	Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
Description	The level of miR-21 expression was induced by Mycobacterium species, leading to excessive immune responses.				[5]
rs77665588
HGF ID	HGF1434	HGF Info	Class	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Intron variant (SNP-IV)
Description	The rs77665588 SNP in mucosal immunity pathways influences the abundance of Mycobacterium in the upper airway (p-value=1.30E-06).				[6]
rs1802665
HGF ID	HGF1930	HGF Info	Class	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Prime UTR variant (SNP-PV)
Description	The rs1802665 SNP in mucosal immunity pathways influences the abundance of Mycobacterium in the upper airway (p-value=8.73E-08).				[6]

Host Immune Factors (HIFs)
Tumor necrosis factor
HIF ID	HIFM0226	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	Mycobacterium abscessus could induce TNF-Alpha production through TLR2 and myeloid differentiation 88 signaling pathways.				[7]
Interferon gamma
HIF ID	HIFM0260	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	IFN-Gamma is essential against Mycobacterium abscessus in the murine model.				[7]
Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a
HIF ID	HIFM0099	HIF Info	Class	Fc Receptor (FCR)
Description	The FcgRIIA-R131 polymorphism increases susceptibility to a number of infections and that IgG and FcgRs promote defense against Mycobacterial infection.				[8]
Neutrophils
HIF ID	HIFC0029	HIF Info	Class	Granulocytes (Gra)
Description	Neutrophils were important components in the host defense against Mycobacterium abscessus infection.				[7]
Macrophages
HIF ID	HIFC0020	HIF Info	Class	Macrophages (Mac)
Description	Macrophages can polarize into two subtypes (M1 and M2) in response to Mycobacterium infections.				[9]
Dectin-1 signaling pathway
HIF ID	HIFP0006	HIF Info	Class	Signaling pathway (SP)
Description	Mycobacterium abscessus activates the macrophage innate immune response via a physical and functional interaction between TLR2 and dectin-1.				[7]
T cells
HIF ID	HIFC0002	HIF Info	Class	T cells (TCs)
Description	T cells were important components in the host defense against Mycobacterium abscessus infection.				[7]
Toll-like receptor 2
HIF ID	HIFM0217	HIF Info	Class	Toll-like receptor (TLR)
Description	Mycobacterium abscessus induced TNF- production through TLR2 and myeloid differentiation 88 signaling pathways.				[7]

References
1	Synergistic Efficacy of -Lactam Combinations against Mycobacterium abscessus Pulmonary Infection in Mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019 Jul 25;63(8):e00614-19. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00614-19. Print 2019 Aug.
2	Emergence and spread of a human-transmissible multidrug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacterium. Science. 2016 Nov 11;354(6313):751-757. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf8156.
3	The history of tuberculosis: from the first historical records to the isolation of Koch's bacillus. J Prev Med Hyg. 2017 Mar;58(1):E9-E12.
4	miRNAs reshape immunity and inflammatory responses in bacterial infection. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2018 May 25;3:14. doi: 10.1038/s41392-018-0006-9. eCollection 2018.
5	Commensal microbiota-induced microRNA modulates intestinal epithelial permeability through the small GTPase ARF4. J Biol Chem. 2017 Sep 15;292(37):15426-15433. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M117.788596. Epub 2017 Jul 31.
6	Host genetic variation in mucosal immunity pathways influences the upper airway microbiome.Microbiome. 2017 Feb 1;5(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s40168-016-0227-5.
7	Host immune response to rapidly growing mycobacteria, an emerging cause of chronic lung disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2010 Oct;43(4):387-93. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0276TR. Epub 2010 Jan 15.
8	Anti-commensal IgG Drives Intestinal Inflammation and Type 17 Immunity in Ulcerative Colitis. Immunity. 2019 Apr 16;50(4):1099-1114.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.02.006. Epub 2019 Mar 12.
9	Mycobacterium marinum: a potential immunotherapy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2013 Jul 29;7:669-80. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S45197. Print 2013.

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