General Information of HIF (ID: HIFC0002)
HIF Name	T cells
HIF Synonym(s)	T cells
HIF Classification	T cells (TCs)
Description	Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell, which is a cell that's an important part of your immune system. White blood cells help your body fight bacteria, viruses, and other toxins that can make you sick. We explain what your lymphocytes do, the roles of B and T cells, and what your lymphocyte count should be.				[1]

Microbe Species (MIC) Regulated by This HIF
Bacillus firmus (firmicutes)			MIC00127
Description	Bacillus firmus was a strong polyclonal activator of B lymphocytes that was the most efficient in stimulating the formation of immunoglobulins of all classes, in particular IgM and IgA.				[2]
Bacillus licheniformis (firmicutes)			MIC00132
Description	Stimulation of T lymphocytes was markedly enhanced during Bacillus subtilis infection.				[3]
Bacillus subtilis (firmicutes)			MIC00136
Description	Stimulation of T lymphocytes was markedly enhanced during Bacillus subtilis infection.				[3]
Bacteroides fragilis (CFB bacteria)			MIC00158
Description	Polysaccharide A derived from Bacteroides fragilis induced Treg cell accumulation by engaging with Toll-like receptor 2 expressed by T cells.				[4]
Bordetella bronchiseptica (beta-proteobacteria)			MIC00245
Description	Relative abundances of Bordetella bronchiseptica is associated with T cells response.				[5]
Butyricimonas (CFB bacteria)			MIC00294
Description	Butyricimonas decreases in circulating T cells.				[6]
Clostridia (firmicutes)			MIC01851
Description	T-cells were required to prevent loss of Clostridia.				[7]
Clostridioides difficile (firmicutes)			MIC00396
Description	Exposure of lamina propria cells to Clostridium difficile toxin A in vitro induced apoptosis in T cells.				[8]
Clostridium butyricum (firmicutes)			MIC00388
Description	Protective T cells can response to Clostridium butyricum infection.				[9]
Corynebacterium amycolatum (actinobacteria)			MIC00450
Description	T cells produced anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in response to planktonic and biofilm Corynebacterium amycolatum.				[10]
Desulfovibrio sp. (delta-proteobacteria)			MIC00493
Description	T-cells were required to prevent expansion of Desulfovibrio.				[7]
Enterococcus gallinarum (firmicutes)			MIC00550
Description	The in vivo effects of vancomycin on T cells correlated with reduced Enterococcus gallinarum translocation.				[11]
Eubacterium saphenum (firmicutes)			MIC00579
Description	Neutrophils appeared first in peritoneal exudates after the injection of Eubacterium saphenum.				[12]
Granulicatella elegans (firmicutes)			MIC00646
Description	Granulicatella elegans antigens stimulated tonsillar T-cells response.				[13]
Haemophilus parainfluenzae (gamma-proteobacteria)			MIC00653
Description	Haemophilus parainfluenzae induced production of IgA1 in tonsillar lymphocytes from IgA nephropathy.				[14]
Helicobacter bilis (epsilon-proteobacteria)			MIC00663
Description	Helicobacter bilis caused antigen-specific T-cell responses.				[15]
Helicobacter pylori (epsilon-proteobacteria)			MIC00669
Description	Helicobacter pylori can modulate of effector T cells response.				[16]
Klebsiella pneumoniae (enterobacteria)			MIC01405
Description	Relative abundances of Klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with T cells response.				[17]
Lachnospiraceae (firmicutes)			MIC00695
Description	Relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae was associated with T-lymphocytes response.				[18]
Mycobacteroides abscessus (actinobacteria)			MIC00845
Description	T cells were important components in the host defense against Mycobacterium abscessus infection.				[19]
Neisseria sp. (beta-proteobacteria)			MIC00900
Description	Neisseria could interact with T cells.				[20]
Prevotella stercorea (CFB bacteria)			MIC01431
Description	Prevotella abundance was specifically associated with the elevated numbers of activated Tc cells.				[21]
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (enterobacteria)			MIC01154
Description	Salmonella typhimurium can facilitate the activation of T cells.				[22]
Streptococcus gallolyticus (firmicutes)			MIC01251
Description	Streptococcus gallolyticus selectively recruits tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells which can inhibit competence of T cells.				[23]
Streptococcus mitis (firmicutes)			MIC01257
Description	Streptococcus mitis reduced proliferation of T cells specific to an unrelated antigen.				[24]
Streptococcus thermophilus (firmicutes)			MIC01272
Description	T cells can secrete GM-CSF which enables cell proliferation and differentiation and stimulates the production of various immune cells in fighting againts Streptococcus thermophilus infection.				[25]

References
1	Analytical performance of an automated volumetric flow cytometer for quantitation of T, B and natural killer lymphocytes.Clin Chem Lab Med. 2018 Jul 26;56(8):1277-1288. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0638.
2	Effect of Bacillus firmus and other sporulating aerobic microorganisms on in vitro stimulation of human lymphocytes. A comparative study. Folia Microbiol (Praha). 1994;39(6):501-4. doi: 10.1007/BF02814071.
3	Immunostimulatory activity of Bacillus spores. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2008 Jul;53(2):195-203. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2008.00415.x. Epub 2008 Apr 21.
4	Microbiota in T-cell homeostasis and inflammatory diseases.Exp Mol Med. 2017 May 26;49(5):e340. doi: 10.1038/emm.2017.36.
5	Respiratory Bordetella bronchiseptica Carriage is Associated with Broad Phenotypic Alterations of Peripheral CD4+CD25+ T Cells and Differentially Affects Immune Responses to Secondary Non-Infectious and Infectious Stimuli in Mice. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Sep 1;19(9):2602. doi: 10.3390/ijms19092602.
6	Alterations of the human gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis. Nat Commun. 2016 Jun 28;7:12015. doi: 10.1038/ncomms12015.
7	T cell-mediated regulation of the microbiota protects against obesity.Science. 2019 Jul 26;365(6451):eaat9351. doi: 10.1126/science.aat9351.
8	Contributions of dendritic cells and macrophages to intestinal homeostasis and immune defense.Immunol Cell Biol. 2013 Mar;91(3):232-9. doi: 10.1038/icb.2012.79. Epub 2013 Feb 12.
9	Gut Microbiota Interventions With Clostridium butyricum and Norfloxacin Modulate Immune Response in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice. Front Immunol. 2019 Jul 23;10:1662. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01662. eCollection 2019.
10	Cytokine Levels in the In Vitro Response of T Cells to Planktonic and Biofilm Corynebacterium amycolatum. Pol J Microbiol. 2019 Dec;68(4):457-464. doi: 10.33073/pjm-2019-045. Epub 2019 Oct 31.
11	Translocation of a gut pathobiont drives autoimmunity in mice and humans. Science. 2018 Mar 9;359(6380):1156-1161. doi: 10.1126/science.aar7201.
12	Intraperitoneal immune cell responses to Eubacterium saphenum in mice. Microbiol Immunol. 2001;45(1):29-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2001.tb01271.x.
13	Proliferation of mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells is inhibited by extracellular arginine deiminase of Granulicatella elegans isolated from the human mouth. J Infect Chemother. 2007 Oct;13(5):353-5. doi: 10.1007/s10156-007-0546-3. Epub 2007 Oct 30.
14	Immune response of tonsillar lymphocytes to Haemophilus parainfluenzae in patients with IgA nephropathy. Clin Exp Immunol. 2000 Feb;119(2):328-32. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01143.x.
15	Induction of differential immune reactivity to members of the flora of gnotobiotic mice following colonization with Helicobacter bilis or Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. Microbes Infect. 2006 May;8(6):1602-10. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2006.01.019. Epub 2006 Apr 18.
16	Helicobacter pylori evasion strategies of the host innate and adaptive immune responses to survive and develop gastrointestinal diseases. Microbiol Res. 2019 Jan;218:49-57. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.09.011. Epub 2018 Oct 6.
17	Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae Adaptation to Innate Immune Clearance Mechanisms in the Lung. J Innate Immun. 2018;10(5-6):442-454. doi: 10.1159/000487515. Epub 2018 Apr 4.
18	Gut Mucosal and Fecal Microbiota Profiling Combined to Intestinal Immune System in Neonates Affected by Intestinal Ischemic Injuries. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020 Feb 25;10:59. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00059. eCollection 2020.
19	Host immune response to rapidly growing mycobacteria, an emerging cause of chronic lung disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2010 Oct;43(4):387-93. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0276TR. Epub 2010 Jan 15.
20	The biology of Neisseria adhesins. Biology (Basel). 2013 Jul 29;2(3):1054-109. doi: 10.3390/biology2031054.
21	The immune response to Prevotella bacteria in chronic inflammatory disease. Immunology. 2017 Aug;151(4):363-374. doi: 10.1111/imm.12760. Epub 2017 Jun 20.
22	Salmonella Typhimurium, the major causative agent of foodborne illness inactivated by a phage lysis system provides effective protection against lethal challenge by induction of robust cell-mediated immune responses and activation of dendritic cells. Vet Res. 2017 Oct 25;48(1):66. doi: 10.1186/s13567-017-0474-x.
23	Streptococcus gallolyticus conspires myeloid cells to promote tumorigenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018 Dec 2;506(4):907-911. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.136. Epub 2018 Nov 2.
24	Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus mitis mixed infection on TLR4-mediated immune response in acute pneumonia mouse model. BMC Microbiol. 2017 Apr 4;17(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s12866-017-0999-1.
25	Streptococcus thermophilus alters the expression of genes associated with innate and adaptive immunity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. PLoS One. 2020 Feb 11;15(2):e0228531. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228531. eCollection 2020.

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