Details of Microbe Species (MIC)

General Information of MIC (ID: MIC01154)
MIC Name Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (enterobacteria)
MIC Synonyms Salmonella cholerae-suis subsp. cholerae-suis
Body Site Gut
Lineage Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Gammaproteobacteria
Order: Enterobacterales
Family: Enterobacteriaceae
Genus: Salmonella
Species: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica
Oxygen Sensitivity Facultative anaerobe
Microbial Metabolism Fermentative or Respiratory; Utilize variety of carbon sources
Gram Negative
Host Relationship Pathogen
Genome Size (bp) 5027649
No. of Coding Genes 4548
No. of Non-Coding Genes 113
No. of Small Non-Coding Genes 113
No. of Gene Transcripts 4661
No. of Base Pairs 5025357
Description Salmonella typhimurium is a pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria predominately found in the intestinal lumen
External Links Taxonomy ID
59201
Genome Assembly ID
ASM63613v1
GOLD Organism ID
Go0546049
Disease Relevance
          Irritable bowel syndrome  [ICD-11: DD91]
             Description Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium can cause human diarrhea. [1]
Host Genetic Factors (HGFs)
          MYD88
             HGF ID HGF2337 HGF Info       Class Copy Number Variation: Gene Deletion (CNV-GDe)
             Description The deletion of MYD88 showed the increased invasion of Salmonella typhimurium. [2]
          hsa-miR-142-5p
             HGF ID HGF0649 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The miR-142-5p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
          hsa-let-7a-5p
             HGF ID HGF0303 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The let-7a-5p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
          hsa-let-7f-5p
             HGF ID HGF0297 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The let-7f-5p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
          hsa-let-7g-5p
             HGF ID HGF0296 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The most abundant let-7g-5p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
          hsa-let-7i-5p
             HGF ID HGF0295 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The let-7i-5p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
          hsa-miR-100-5p
             HGF ID HGF0293 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The miR-100-5p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
          hsa-miR-10a-5p
             HGF ID HGF0286 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The miR-10a-5p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
          hsa-miR-126-3p
             HGF ID HGF0276 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The miR-126-3p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
          hsa-miR-143-3p
             HGF ID HGF0258 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The miR-143-3p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
          hsa-miR-146b-5p
             HGF ID HGF0251 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The miR-146b-5p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
          hsa-miR-148a-3p
             HGF ID HGF0249 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The miR-148a-3p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
          hsa-miR-150-5p
             HGF ID HGF0245 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The miR-150-5p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
          hsa-miR-155-5p
             HGF ID HGF0243 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The level of miR-155 expression is essential in the vaccination process against Salmonella typhimurium. [4]
          hsa-miR-181a-5p
             HGF ID HGF0237 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The miR-181a-5p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
          hsa-miR-191-5p
             HGF ID HGF0225 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The miR-191-5p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
          hsa-miR-199a-3p
             HGF ID HGF0218 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The miR-199a-3p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
          hsa-miR-21-5p
             HGF ID HGF0204 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The miR-21-5p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
          hsa-miR-24-3p
             HGF ID HGF0188 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The miR-24-3p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
          hsa-miR-26a-5p
             HGF ID HGF0185 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The miR-26a-5p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
          hsa-miR-27b-3p
             HGF ID HGF0180 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The miR-27b-3p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
          hsa-miR-30d-5p
             HGF ID HGF0165 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The miR-30d-5p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
          hsa-miR-92a-3p
             HGF ID HGF0089 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The miR-92a-3p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
          hsa-miR-99a-5p
             HGF ID HGF0082 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The miR-99a-5p presents in mesenteric lymph nodes in Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. [3]
Host Immune Factors (HIFs)
          alpha-defensins
             HIF ID HIFM0087 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description Alpha defensins which led to compromised host defense as manifested by enhanced colonization of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in the ileum. [5]
          Human defensin 6
             HIF ID HIFM0089 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description Salmonella typhimurium counts were 100-fold lower in Peyers patches (P < 0.001) and 10-fold lower in spleens (P < 0.001) of HD6 transgenic mice. [6]
          Human liver Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide-2
             HIF ID HIFM0162 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description Infection with Salmonella enteritidis resulted in up-regulation expression of LEAP-2 mRNA. [7]
          Regenerating islet-derived protein 3-beta
             HIF ID HIFM0197 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium induced mucosal lectin RegIII kills competing gut microbiota by reducing enzymatic activity. [8]
          Regenerating islet-derived protein 3-gamma
             HIF ID HIFM0198 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description RegIII gamma showed little regulatory affinity binding to preparations of Salmonella typhimurium compare with the positive bacteria(p<0.05). [9]
          IgA plasma B cell
             HIF ID HIFC0221 HIF Info       Class B cells (BCs)
             Description IgA plasma cell could recognized the expression of Salmonella Typhi lipopolysaccharide. [10]
          Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 15
             HIF ID HIFM0224 HIF Info       Class Checkpoint molecule (CM)
             Description The Salmonella typhimurium could activate TL1A expression in human APC, including monocytes and monocyte-derived DC. [11]
          C-C motif chemokine 20
             HIF ID HIFM0023 HIF Info       Class Cytokine (Cyt)
             Description The CCL20 secretion by IECs after infection by Salmonella typhimurium was shown to be negatively modulated by preincubation with commensal bacteria. [12]
          Interferon-12 subunit alpha
             HIF ID HIFM0130 HIF Info       Class Cytokine (Cyt)
             Description Salmonella typhimurium can induce the expression of IL-12. [13]
          Interleukin-17A
             HIF ID HIFM0134 HIF Info       Class Cytokine (Cyt)
             Description Salmonella typhimurium is associated with IL-17 expression. [13]
          Interleukin-23 subunit alpha
             HIF ID HIFM0144 HIF Info       Class Cytokine (Cyt)
             Description Salmonella typhimurium is associated with IL-23 expression. [13]
          Dendritic cells
             HIF ID HIFC0003 HIF Info       Class Dendritic cells (DCs)
             Description Salmonella typhimurium can facilitate the activation of dendritic cells. [13]
          Immunoglobulin M
             HIF ID HIFM0266 HIF Info       Class Immunoglobulin (Ig)
             Description Secretory IgM preparation has regulatory affinity which could bind and agglutinate Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium. [14]
          Immunoglobulin G1
             HIF ID HIFM0269 HIF Info       Class Immunoglobulin (Ig)
             Description The infection of Salmonella typhimurium could increase the levels of IgG1. [13]
          Immunoglobulin G
             HIF ID HIFM0270 HIF Info       Class Immunoglobulin (Ig)
             Description Immunoblotting with bacterial lysates using sera from Tlr2 / Tlr4 / mice showed reduced IgG in Tlr2 / Tlr4 / sera that recognized antigens produced by fecal bacteria, symbiotic bacteria Eescherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as the gram-negative enteric pathogens Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella) and Citrobacter rodentium. [15]
          Immunoglobulin A
             HIF ID HIFM0272 HIF Info       Class Immunoglobulin (Ig)
             Description SIgA has immunity activity to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. [16]
          Immunoglobulin D
             HIF ID HIFM0277 HIF Info       Class Immunoglobulin (Ig)
             Description Altered expression of the Salmonella typhimurium-specific B-cell repertoire chronically treated with antibodies to immunoglobulin D(IgG). [17]
          Immunoglobulin G2
             HIF ID HIFM0268 HIF Info       Class Immunoglobulin (Ig)
             Description The levels of IgG2a increased during Salmonella typhimurium infection. [13]
          Immunoglobulin E
             HIF ID HIFM0271 HIF Info       Class Immunoglobulin (Ig)
             Description In Salmonella.Enteritidis-infected patients, systemic IgE concentration showed a significant increase. [18]
          CX3CR1+ macrophages
             HIF ID HIFC0121 HIF Info       Class Macrophages (Mac)
             Description CX3CR1 + macrophages controlled intestinal IgA production in response to Salmonella Typhimurium infection. [19]
          T cells
             HIF ID HIFC0002 HIF Info       Class T cells (TCs)
             Description Salmonella typhimurium can facilitate the activation of T cells. [13]
          CD4+ helper T cells
             HIF ID HIFC0068 HIF Info       Class T cells (TCs)
             Description Salmonella typhimurium could increase Th1 responses. [13]
          T helper type 17 cells
             HIF ID HIFC0080 HIF Info       Class T cells (TCs)
             Description Salmonella typhimurium could increase T helper type 17(Th17)cells responses. [13]
          T helper type 1 cells
             HIF ID HIFC0082 HIF Info       Class T cells (TCs)
             Description Salmonella typhimurium infection resulted in T helper type 1 (Th1) cells in diabetes mellitus patients. [20]
          T helper type 2 cells
             HIF ID HIFC0085 HIF Info       Class T cells (TCs)
             Description Salmonella typhimurium could increase T helper type 2(Th2)cells responses. [13]
Environmental Factor(s)
             Disbiome ID
      724
References
1 Salmonella-how a metabolic generalist adopts an intracellular lifestyle during infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2015 Jan 29;4:191. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00191. eCollection 2014.
2 Targeted deletion of MyD88 in intestinal epithelial cells results in compromised antibacterial immunity associated with downregulation of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, mucin-2, and antibacterial peptides.Version 2. Mucosal Immunol. 2012 Sep;5(5):501-12. doi: 10.1038/mi.2012.23. Epub 2012 Apr 11.
3 Regulatory role of microRNA in mesenteric lymph nodes after Salmonella Typhimurium infection. Vet Res. 2018 Feb 1;49(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s13567-018-0506-1.
4 Mammalian microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in the host-bacterial pathogen crosstalk. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2017 May;65:11-19. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.06.016. Epub 2016 Jul 2.
5 Nutrient Sensing by the Intestinal Epithelium Orchestrates Mucosal Antimicrobial Defense via Translational Control of Hes1.Cell Host Microbe. 2019 May 8;25(5):706-718.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.03.012. Epub 2019 Apr 30.
6 Amyloid formation: functional friend or fearful foe. J Intern Med. 2016 Aug;280(2):139-52. doi: 10.1111/joim.12479. Epub 2016 May 6.
7 Not Avaliable
8 Salmonella-induced mucosal lectin RegIII kills competing gut microbiota.PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e20749. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020749. Epub 2011 Jun 9.
9 Symbiotic bacteria direct expression of an intestinal bactericidal lectin.Science. 2006 Aug 25;313(5790):1126-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1127119.
10 Live oral typhoid vaccine Ty21a induces cross-reactive humoral immune responses against Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A and S. Paratyphi B in humans.Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2012 Jun;19(6):825-34. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00058-12. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
11 Microbial induction of inflammatory bowel disease associated gene TL1A (TNFSF15) in antigen presenting cells.Eur J Immunol. 2009 Nov;39(11):3239-50. doi: 10.1002/eji.200839087.
12 CCL20 Displays Antimicrobial Activity Against Cryptosporidium parvum, but Its Expression Is Reduced During Infection in the Intestine of Neonatal Mice.J Infect Dis. 2015 Oct 15;212(8):1332-40. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiv206. Epub 2015 Apr 2.
13 Salmonella Typhimurium, the major causative agent of foodborne illness inactivated by a phage lysis system provides effective protection against lethal challenge by induction of robust cell-mediated immune responses and activation of dendritic cells. Vet Res. 2017 Oct 25;48(1):66. doi: 10.1186/s13567-017-0474-x.
14 Limited Innovations After More Than 65 Years of Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy: Potential of IgA- and IgM-Enriched Formulations to Prevent Bacterial Respiratory Tract Infections.Front Immunol. 2018 Aug 23;9:1925. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01925. eCollection 2018.
15 Gut Microbiota-Induced Immunoglobulin G Controls Systemic Infection by Symbiotic Bacteria and Pathogens.Immunity. 2016 Mar 15;44(3):647-658. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.006. Epub 2016 Mar 2.
16 Enhanced survival following oral and systemic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection in polymeric immunoglobulin receptor knockout mice.PLoS One. 2018 Jun 1;13(6):e0198434. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198434. eCollection 2018.
17 Altered expression of the Salmonella typhimurium-specific B-cell repertoire in mice chronically treated with antibodies to immunoglobulin D.Infect Immun. 1989 Feb;57(2):432-7. doi: 10.1128/IAI.57.2.432-437.1989.
18 Differential induction of total IgE by two Salmonella enterica serotypes.Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2015 May 26;5:43. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00043. eCollection 2015.
19 CX(3)CR1(+) Macrophages and CD8(+) T Cells Control Intestinal IgA Production.J Immunol. 2018 Aug 15;201(4):1287-1294. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701459. Epub 2018 Jul 9.
20 Microbiota in T-cell homeostasis and inflammatory diseases.Exp Mol Med. 2017 May 26;49(5):e340. doi: 10.1038/emm.2017.36.

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