General Information of HIF (ID: HIFC0003)
HIF Name	Dendritic cells
HIF Synonym(s)	DC, Dendritic cells
HIF Classification	Dendritic cells (DCs)
Description	Dendritic cells (DCs), named for their probing, tree-like or dendritic shapes, are responsible for the initiation of adaptive immune responses and hence function as the sentinels of the immune system.				[1]

Microbe Species (MIC) Regulated by This HIF
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (gamma-proteobacteria)			MIC00051
Description	Dendritic cells primed with different Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans can stimulate naive CD 4+ T lymphocytes.				[2]
Aspergillus fumigatus (ascomycetes)			MIC00103
Description	Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for protection against pathogenic Aspergillus fumigatus.				[3]
Burkholderia cenocepacia (beta-proteobacteria)			MIC00280
Description	All Burkholderia cenocepacia-infected dendritic cells(DCs) failed to upregulate maturation markers, HLA-DR, CD80, CD86 and CD83.				[4]
Butyricimonas (CFB bacteria)			MIC00294
Description	The abundance of Butyricimonas decreases in dendritic cells.				[5]
Chlamydia felis (chlamydias)			MIC00349
Description	Dendritic cells(DCs) produced cytokine interleukin-12 in response to Chlamydia felis infection.				[6]
Clostridioides difficile (firmicutes)			MIC00396
Description	Purified non-toxin Clostridium difficile molecules(SLPs) induced the production of both proinflammatory in dendritic cells.				[7]
Ehrlichia chaffeensis (alpha-proteobacteria)			MIC00523
Description	Ehrlichia chaffeensis induces the generation of several cytokines and chemokines by dendritic cells.				[8]
Haemophilus ducreyi (gamma-proteobacteria)			MIC00650
Description	The number of Langerhanscells(a kind of dendritic cells) increased during Haemophilus ducreyi infection.				[9]
Halococcus morrhuae (euryarchaeotes)			MIC01443
Description	Halococcus morrhuae 14039 induced dendritic cells to secrete interleukin-12.				[10]
Lactobacillus acidophilus (firmicutes)			MIC00702
Description	Lactobacillus acidophilus W37 infection can induce DCs response.				[11]
Lactobacillus sp. (firmicutes)			MIC00701
Description	Lactobacillus can activate Syk in dendritic cells.				[12]
Leptotrichia goodfellowii (fusobacteria)			MIC00762
Description	Leptotrichia can interact with dendritic cells response.				[13]
Listeria monocytogenes (firmicutes)			MIC00771
Description	Early control of Listeria monocytogenes largely depends on the innate immune response occurring in the spleen, which relies on two main cell populations of dendritic cells (DCs).				[14]
Megasphaera elsdenii (firmicutes)			MIC00788
Description	Megasphaera elsdenii can induce dendritic cells maturation.				[15]
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (actinobacteria)			MIC00857
Description	Relative abundances of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is associated with dendritic cells response.				[16]
Mycoplasma hominis (mycoplasmas)			MIC00871
Description	A TX-114 extract of Mycoplasma hominis membranes induced the maturation of human dendritic cells (hDCs).And M. hominis lipoproteins could induce IL-23 production by hDCs.				[17]
Neisseria sp. (beta-proteobacteria)			MIC00900
Description	Purified recombinant PorA protein from Neisseria can activate monocyte-derived dendritic cells.				[18]
Prevotella timonensis (CFB bacteria)			MIC01027
Description	Prevotella timonensis induced dendritic cells maturation.				[15]
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (enterobacteria)			MIC01154
Description	Salmonella typhimurium can facilitate the activation of dendritic cells.				[19]
Streptococcus equinus (firmicutes)			MIC01250
Description	Relative abundances of Streptococcus equinus is associated with dendritic cells response.				[20]
Streptococcus gallolyticus (firmicutes)			MIC01251
Description	Streptococcus gallolyticus selectively recruits tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells but not mast cells, including dendritic cells.				[21]
Streptococcus pyogenes (firmicutes)			MIC01267
Description	relative abundances of Streptococcus pyogenes is associated with dendritic cells response.				[22]
Yersinia pestis (enterobacteria)			MIC01401
Description	Relative abundances of Yersinia pestis is associated with dendritic cells response.				[23]

References
1	Dendritic cells as gatekeepers of tolerance.Semin Immunopathol. 2017 Feb;39(2):153-163. doi: 10.1007/s00281-016-0583-z. Epub 2016 Jul 25.
2	Serotype b of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans increases osteoclast and memory T-lymphocyte activation. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2016 Apr;31(2):162-74. doi: 10.1111/omi.12112. Epub 2015 Aug 10.
3	Influence of Platelet-rich Plasma on the immune response of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and macrophages stimulated with Aspergillus fumigatus. Int J Med Microbiol. 2017 Feb;307(2):95-107. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2016.11.010. Epub 2016 Dec 9.
4	Using dendritic cells to evaluate how Burkholderia cenocepacia clonal isolates from a chronically infected cystic fibrosis patient subvert immune functions. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2017 Apr;206(2):111-123. doi: 10.1007/s00430-016-0488-4. Epub 2016 Dec 16.
5	Alterations of the human gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis. Nat Commun. 2016 Jun 28;7:12015. doi: 10.1038/ncomms12015.
6	Vaccination against chlamydial infections of man and animals. Vet J. 2006 Mar;171(2):263-75. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.09.006. Epub 2004 Nov 11.
7	Immune responses to Clostridium difficile infection.Trends Mol Med. 2012 Nov;18(11):658-66. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.09.005. Epub 2012 Oct 16.
8	Proteomic analysis of and immune responses to Ehrlichia chaffeensis lipoproteins. Infect Immun. 2008 Aug;76(8):3405-14. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00056-08. Epub 2008 May 19.
9	The immune response to Haemophilus ducreyi resembles a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction throughout experimental infection of human subjects. J Infect Dis. 1998 Dec;178(6):1688-97. doi: 10.1086/314489.
10	Archaeosomes varying in lipid composition differ in receptor-mediated endocytosis and differentially adjuvant immune responses to entrapped antigen. Archaea. 2003 Oct;1(3):151-64. doi: 10.1155/2003/569283.
11	Synbiotic Effects of the Dietary Fiber Long-Chain Inulin and Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus W37 Can be Caused by Direct, Synergistic Stimulation of Immune Toll-Like Receptors and Dendritic Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018 Jun 14;62(15):e1800251. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201800251. Online ahead of print.
12	Microbiota Sensing by Mincle-Syk Axis in Dendritic Cells Regulates Interleukin-17 and -22 Production and Promotes Intestinal Barrier Integrity.Immunity. 2019 Feb 19;50(2):446-461.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.020. Epub 2019 Jan 29.
13	Leptotrichia species in human infections II. J Oral Microbiol. 2017 Sep 15;9(1):1368848. doi: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1368848. eCollection 2017.
14	HDAC6 controls innate immune and autophagy responses to TLR-mediated signalling by the intracellular bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS Pathog. 2017 Dec 27;13(12):e1006799. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006799. eCollection 2017 Dec.
15	Vaginal dysbiosis associated-bacteria Megasphaera elsdenii and Prevotella timonensis induce immune activation via dendritic cells. J Reprod Immunol. 2020 Apr;138:103085. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103085. Epub 2020 Jan 22.
16	Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Narrative Review. Front Pediatr. 2019 Aug 27;7:350. doi: 10.3389/fped.2019.00350. eCollection 2019.
17	Interaction of Mycoplasma hominis PG21 with Human Dendritic Cells: Interleukin-23-Inducing Mycoplasmal Lipoproteins and Inflammasome Activation of the Cell. J Bacteriol. 2017 Jul 11;199(15):e00213-17. doi: 10.1128/JB.00213-17. Print 2017 Aug 1.
18	The biology of Neisseria adhesins. Biology (Basel). 2013 Jul 29;2(3):1054-109. doi: 10.3390/biology2031054.
19	Salmonella Typhimurium, the major causative agent of foodborne illness inactivated by a phage lysis system provides effective protection against lethal challenge by induction of robust cell-mediated immune responses and activation of dendritic cells. Vet Res. 2017 Oct 25;48(1):66. doi: 10.1186/s13567-017-0474-x.
20	Immunomodulatory properties of Streptococcus and Veillonella isolates from the human small intestine microbiota. PLoS One. 2014 Dec 5;9(12):e114277. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114277. eCollection 2014.
21	Streptococcus gallolyticus conspires myeloid cells to promote tumorigenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018 Dec 2;506(4):907-911. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.136. Epub 2018 Nov 2.
22	Innate immune response to Streptococcus pyogenes depends on the combined activation of TLR13 and TLR2. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 10;10(3):e0119727. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119727. eCollection 2015.
23	Immunology of Yersinia pestis Infection. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;918:273-292. doi: 10.1007/978-94-024-0890-4_10.

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