General Information of HIF (ID: HIFM0277)
HIF Name	Immunoglobulin D
HIF Synonym(s)	IgD
HIF Classification	Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Description	Immunoglobulin D(IgD) was initially thought to be a recently evolved Ig isotype expressed only by some mammalian species				[1]

Microbe Species (MIC) Regulated by This HIF
Aeromonas hydrophila (gamma-proteobacteria)			MIC00046
Description	In bacterial (Aeromonas hydrophila) infection, transcripts of Labeo rohita IgD increased more dramatically in liver followed by kidney and gill.				[2]
Escherichia coli (enterobacteria)			MIC00516
Description	IgD levels in uncinate tissue were significantly higher in patients who possessed pathogenic Escherichia coli bacterial growth compared with those without bacterial growth (p-value<0.05).				[3]
Haemophilus influenzae (gamma-proteobacteria)			MIC00652
Description	Secreted IgD has regulatory affinity which could bind to Haemophilus influenzae inhabiting human upper respiratory and middle ear mucosae.				[4]
Leishmania infantum (kinetoplastids)			MIC01797
Description	IgD significantly increased on the surface of B cells during visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum.				[5]
Listeria monocytogenes (firmicutes)			MIC00771
Description	The abundance of Listeria monocytogenes is associated with IgD.				[6]
Moraxella catarrhalis (gamma-proteobacteria)			MIC00837
Description	IgD has regulatory affinity which could bind to Neisseria catarrhalis.				[7]
Neisseria meningitidis (beta-proteobacteria)			MIC00891
Description	IgD could bound to a protein derived from Neisseria meningitidis.				[8]
Porphyromonas gingivalis (CFB bacteria)			MIC01000
Description	Specific antibody to Porphyromonas gingivalis is lower in IgD deficient mice.				[9]
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gamma-proteobacteria)			MIC01054
Description	elevated IgD levels is associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.				[3]
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (enterobacteria)			MIC01154
Description	Altered expression of the Salmonella typhimurium-specific B-cell repertoire chronically treated with antibodies to immunoglobulin D(IgG).				[10]
Staphylococcus aureus (firmicutes)			MIC01208
Description	elevated IgD levels is associated with Staphylococcus aureus infection.				[3]
Streptococcus agalactiae (firmicutes)			MIC01238
Description	IgD could possibly have a key role to play in the immune response to Streptococcus agalactiae infections.				[11]
Streptococcus pneumoniae (firmicutes)			MIC01263
Description	Elevated IgD levels is associated with Streptococcus pneumonia infection.				[3]

References
1	New insights into the enigma of immunoglobulin D.Immunol Rev. 2010 Sep;237(1):160-79. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2010.00929.x.
2	Immunoglobulin (Ig) D in Labeo rohita is widely expressed and differentially modulated in viral, bacterial and parasitic antigenic challenges.Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2016 Oct 15;179:77-84. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.08.008. Epub 2016 Aug 9.
3	Evidence for altered levels of IgD in the nasal airway mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017 Dec;140(6):1562-1571.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.05.032. Epub 2017 Jun 16.
4	The enigmatic function of IgD: some answers at last.Eur J Immunol. 2018 Jul;48(7):1101-1113. doi: 10.1002/eji.201646547. Epub 2018 Jun 12.
5	Regulatory IgDhi B Cells Suppress T Cell Function via IL-10 and PD-L1 during Progressive Visceral Leishmaniasis.J Immunol. 2016 May 15;196(10):4100-9. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502678. Epub 2016 Apr 13.
6	Suppression of T-helper type-1 immune response against Listeria monocytogenes by treatment of mice with goat antibodies to mouse IgD.Immunology. 1996 Jan;87(1):15-20.
7	Many bacterial species bind human IgD.J Immunol. 1979 Apr;122(4):1468-72.
8	A fusion protein derived from Moraxella catarrhalis and Neisseria meningitidis aimed for immune modulation of human B cells.Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015;11(9):2223-7. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1034917. Epub 2015 Jun 4.
9	B Cell IgD Deletion Prevents Alveolar Bone Loss Following Murine Oral Infection.Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2009;2009:864359. doi: 10.1155/2009/864359. Epub 2009 Oct 25.
10	Altered expression of the Salmonella typhimurium-specific B-cell repertoire in mice chronically treated with antibodies to immunoglobulin D.Infect Immun. 1989 Feb;57(2):432-7. doi: 10.1128/IAI.57.2.432-437.1989.
11	Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of IgD in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Response to Streptococcus agalactiae Stimulus.Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Mar 8;17(3):348. doi: 10.3390/ijms17030348.

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