General Information of MIC (ID: MIC00652)
MIC Name	Haemophilus influenzae (gamma-proteobacteria)
MIC Synonyms	Bacterium influenzae
Body Site	Nose
Lineage	Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Gammaproteobacteria Order: Pasteurellales Family: Pasteurellaceae Genus: Haemophilus Species: Haemophilus influenzae
Oxygen Sensitivity	Facultative anaerobe
Microbial Metabolism	Saccharolytic; Fermentative
Gram	Negative
Host Relationship	Pathogen; Commensal
Genome Size (bp)	1830138
No. of Coding Genes	1656
No. of Non-Coding Genes	74
No. of Small Non-Coding Genes	74
No. of Gene Transcripts	1730
No. of Base Pairs	1787944
Description	Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram-negative, coccobacillary, facultatively anaerobic pathogenic bacterium belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family. In a studyt, it was found associated with chronic otitis media with effusion.
External Links	Taxonomy ID	727
	Genome Assembly ID	NTHi411v1
	GOLD Organism ID	Go0005539
Disease Relevance
Otitis media  [ICD-11: AA80]
Description	Haemophilus influenzae was associated with otitis media with effusion.				[1]
Type 2 diabetes mellitus  [ICD-11: 5A11]
Description	Haemophilus influenzae was associated with type 2 diabetes.				[2]

Host Genetic Factors (HGFs)
DEFB103A
HGF ID	HGF2349	HGF Info	Class	Copy Number Variation: Gene Deletion (CNV-GDe)
Description	The increased DEFB-CN has been ignificantly associated with the abundance of Haemophilus influenzae (p-value<0.05).				[3]
hsa-miR-328-5p
HGF ID	HGF0667	HGF Info	Class	Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
Description	The miR-328 expression is a key element of the host response to pulmonary infection with non-typeable haemophilus influenzae.				[4]
rs1143627
HGF ID	HGF1728	HGF Info	Class	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Prime UTR variant (SNP-PV)
Description	The rs1143627 SNP has been associated with Haemophilus influenzae infection (p-value<0.05).				[5]

Host Immune Factors (HIFs)
Human beta-defensin 1
HIF ID	HIFM0090	HIF Info	Class	Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
Description	Susceptibility of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae to human -defensins 1 is influenced by lipooligosaccharide acylation.				[6]
CEA cell adhesion molecule 1
HIF ID	HIFM0057	HIF Info	Class	Checkpoint molecule (CM)
Description	CEACAM1 serves as a receptor for Haemophilus influenzae pathogens in humans.				[7]
Programmed death-ligand 2
HIF ID	HIFM0190	HIF Info	Class	Checkpoint molecule (CM)
Description	Haemophilus influenzae is associated with PD-L2 responses.				[8]
Immunoglobulin G2
HIF ID	HIFM0268	HIF Info	Class	Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Description	Haemophilus sp. is associated with IgG2 response.				[9]
Immunoglobulin E
HIF ID	HIFM0271	HIF Info	Class	Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Description	The abundance of Haemophilus influenzae is associated with IgE immune response.				[10]
Immunoglobulin A1
HIF ID	HIFM0275	HIF Info	Class	Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Description	The activity of IgA1 proteases from Haemophilus influenzae could effect enzymolysis of human immunoglobulin A1(lgA1).				[11]
Immunoglobulin D
HIF ID	HIFM0277	HIF Info	Class	Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Description	Secreted IgD has regulatory affinity which could bind to Haemophilus influenzae inhabiting human upper respiratory and middle ear mucosae.				[12]

Environmental Factor(s)
Disbiome ID			576
gutMDisorder ID			gm0357
aBiofilm Organism			Haemophilus influenzae

References
1	Haemophilus influenzae biofilm formation in chronic otitis media with effusion. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Nov;273(11):3553-3560. doi: 10.1007/s00405-016-3958-9. Epub 2016 Mar 5.
2	Community-acquired bacterial meningitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Nov 3;2:16074. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.74.
3	Copy number variation of the beta defensin gene cluster on chromosome 8p influences the bacterial microbiota within the nasopharynx of otitis-prone children.PLoS One. 2014 May 27;9(5):e98269. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098269. eCollection 2014.
4	Antagonism of miR-328 increases the antimicrobial function of macrophages and neutrophils and rapid clearance of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) from infected lung. PLoS Pathog. 2015 Apr 20;11(4):e1004549. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004549. eCollection 2015 Apr.
5	The carriage of interleukin-1B-31*C allele plus Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae increases the risk of recurrent tonsillitis in a Mexican population.PLoS One. 2017 May 24;12(5):e0178115. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178115. eCollection 2017.
6	Susceptibility of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae to human beta-defensins is influenced by lipooligosaccharide acylation.Infect Immun. 2002 Sep;70(9):5287-9. doi: 10.1128/iai.70.9.5287-5289.2002.
7	CEACAM1 in Liver Injury, Metabolic and Immune Regulation.Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Oct 11;19(10):3110. doi: 10.3390/ijms19103110.
8	PD-L2 Regulates B-1 Cell Antibody Production against Phosphorylcholine through an IL-5-Dependent Mechanism.J Immunol. 2017 Sep 15;199(6):2020-2029. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700555. Epub 2017 Aug 2.
9	Are there any clinical indications for measuring IgG subclasses. Ann Clin Biochem. 2002 Jul;39(Pt 4):374-7. doi: 10.1258/000456302760042678.
10	Anti-bacterial IgE in the antibody responses of house dust mite allergic children convalescent from asthma exacerbation.Clin Exp Allergy. 2009 Aug;39(8):1170-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03252.x. Epub 2009 Apr 17.
11	Effect of mutations in the human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) hinge on its susceptibility to cleavage by diverse bacterial IgA1 proteases.Infect Immun. 2005 Mar;73(3):1515-22. doi: 10.1128/IAI.73.3.1515-1522.2005.
12	The enigmatic function of IgD: some answers at last.Eur J Immunol. 2018 Jul;48(7):1101-1113. doi: 10.1002/eji.201646547. Epub 2018 Jun 12.

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