General Information of HIF (ID: HIFM0275)
HIF Name	Immunoglobulin A1
HIF Synonym(s)	IgA1
HIF Classification	Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Description	Immunoglobulin A1(IgA1) is a IgA subtype.It plays key roles in protecting the mucous membranes of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts from attack by pathogenic microorganisms and their products.				[1]

Microbe Species (MIC) Regulated by This HIF
Bifidobacterium longum (actinobacteria)			MIC00232
Description	IgA1 has regulatory affinity which could bind to Bifidobacterium longum				[2]
Bifidobacterium sp. (actinobacteria)			MIC00224
Description	Bifidobacterium was coated by IgA1.				[2]
Candida albicans (budding yeasts)			MIC00317
Description	The dimeric IgA1 has regulatory affinity which could strongly bind cells of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans and to restrain its adhesion to human epithelial cells.				[3]
Entamoeba histolytica (eukaryotes)			MIC00528
Description	Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites could degrade the level of human IgA1 and result in the low IgA1 concentration.				[4]
Haemophilus influenzae (gamma-proteobacteria)			MIC00652
Description	The activity of IgA1 proteases from Haemophilus influenzae could effect enzymolysis of human immunoglobulin A1(lgA1).				[1]
Haemophilus parainfluenzae (gamma-proteobacteria)			MIC00653
Description	Lymphocytes from patients with IgAN also showed a significantly higher level of IgA antibody and IgA1 antibody against Haemophilus parainfluenzae(HPI) antigens in culture supernatants than lymphocytes from controls (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.004, respectively).				[5]
Helicobacter pylori (epsilon-proteobacteria)			MIC00669
Description	long time infection of Helicobacter pylori increased the antibodies against Helicobacter pylori, promoted the production of IgA1.				[6]
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (beta-proteobacteria)			MIC00885
Description	The activity of IgA1 proteases from Neisseria gonorrhoeae could effect enzymolysis of human immunoglobulin A1(lgA1).				[1]
Neisseria meningitidis (beta-proteobacteria)			MIC00891
Description	The activity of IgA1 proteases from Neisseria meningitidis could effect enzymolysis of human immunoglobulin A1(lgA1).				[1]
Porphyromonas gingivalis (CFB bacteria)			MIC01000
Description	The activity of proteolytic enzymes from Porphyromonas gingivalis could effect enzymolysis of human immunoglobulin A1(lgA1).				[7]
Proteobacteria (proteobacteria)			MIC01037
Description	IgA1 has regulatory affinity which could bind prominently to Proteobacterial taxa.				[8]
Serratia fonticola (enterobacteria)			MIC01169
Description	Serratia was coated by IgA1.				[2]
Staphylococcus haemolyticus (firmicutes)			MIC01215
Description	Staphylococcus haemolyticus could be recognized by IgA1.				[2]
Streptococcus mitis (firmicutes)			MIC01257
Description	The activity of IgA1 proteases from Streptococcus mitis could effect enzymolysis of human immunoglobulin A1(lgA1).				[1]
Streptococcus oralis (firmicutes)			MIC01259
Description	The activity of IgA1 proteases from Streptococcus oralis could effect enzymolysis of human immunoglobulin A1(lgA1).				[1]
Streptococcus pneumoniae (firmicutes)			MIC01263
Description	The activity of IgA1 proteases from Streptococcus pneumoniae could effect enzymolysis of human immunoglobulin A1(lgA1).				[1]
Streptococcus sanguinis (firmicutes)			MIC01269
Description	The activity of IgA1 proteases from Streptococcus sanguis could effect enzymolysis of human immunoglobulin A1(lgA1).				[1]
Streptococcus suis (firmicutes)			MIC01270
Description	Streptococcus suis (S. suis) type 2 can prevent neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation to avoid being trapped by porcine neutrophils and disintegrate host immunoglobulins via IgA1 hydrolases and IgM proteases.				[9]

References
1	Effect of mutations in the human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) hinge on its susceptibility to cleavage by diverse bacterial IgA1 proteases.Infect Immun. 2005 Mar;73(3):1515-22. doi: 10.1128/IAI.73.3.1515-1522.2005.
2	Human IgA binds a diverse array of commensal bacteria.J Exp Med. 2020 Mar 2;217(3):e20181635. doi: 10.1084/jem.20181635.
3	Comparative analysis of plant-produced, recombinant dimeric IgA against cell wall -glucan of pathogenic fungi.Biotechnol Bioeng. 2017 Dec;114(12):2729-2738. doi: 10.1002/bit.26403. Epub 2017 Sep 11.
4	Degradation of human secretory IgA1 and IgA2 by Entamoeba histolytica surface-associated proteolytic activity.Parasitol Int. 2008 Dec;57(4):417-23. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2008.04.013. Epub 2008 May 15.
5	Immune response of tonsillar lymphocytes to Haemophilus parainfluenzae in patients with IgA nephropathy. Clin Exp Immunol. 2000 Feb;119(2):328-32. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01143.x.
6	Helicobacter pylori participates in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.Ren Fail. 2016 Oct;38(9):1398-1404. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2016.1216713. Epub 2016 Oct 20.
7	Immunoglobulin-degrading enzymes in localized juvenile periodontitis.J Periodontal Res. 1992 May;27(3):176-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb01666.x.
8	IgA Responses to Microbiota.Immunity. 2018 Aug 21;49(2):211-224. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.08.011.
9	How Streptococcus suis serotype 2 attempts to avoid attack by host immune defenses. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2019 Aug;52(4):516-525. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2019.03.003. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

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