Details of Microbe Species (MIC)

General Information of MIC (ID: MIC01208)
MIC Name Staphylococcus aureus (firmicutes)
MIC Synonyms Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus
Body Site Skin
Lineage Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Firmicutes
Class: Bacilli
Order: Bacillales
Family: Staphylococcaceae
Genus: Staphylococcus
Species: Staphylococcus aureus
Oxygen Sensitivity Facultative anaerobe
Microbial Metabolism Saccharolytic; Respiratory or Fermentative
Gram Positive
Host Relationship Opportunistic pathogen
Genome Size (bp) 2787689
No. of Coding Genes 2500
No. of Non-Coding Genes 78
No. of Small Non-Coding Genes 78
No. of Gene Transcripts 2578
No. of Base Pairs 2787689
Description Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive, round-shaped bacterium that is a member of the Firmicutes, and it is a usual member of the microbiota of the body, frequently found in the upper respiratory tract and on the skin. Although S. aureus usually acts as a commensal of the human microbiota it can also become an opportunistic pathogen, being a common cause of skin infections including abscesses, respiratory infections such as sinusitis, and food poisoning. Pathogenic strains often promote infections by producing virulence factors such as potent protein toxins, and the expression of a cell-surface protein that binds and inactivates antibodies.
External Links Taxonomy ID
1280
Genome Assembly ID
ASM59796v1
GOLD Organism ID
Go0037024
Disease Relevance
          Obesity  [ICD-11: 5B81]
             Description Children who became overweight by age 7 had higher levels of Staphylococcus aureus as infants compared with those that kept a healthy weight. [1]
          Overweight  [ICD-11: 5B80]
             Description Children becoming overweight at 7 years old showed a greater number of Staphylococcus aureus in faeces during infancy. [2]
Host Genetic Factors (HGFs)
          hsa-miR-133a-2-3p
             HGF ID HGF0645 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The level of mir-133a-2-3p expression showed upregulation greater than 4-fold with a p-value < 0.01, upon Staphylococcus aureus infection. [3]
          hsa-miR-133a-1-3p
             HGF ID HGF0644 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The level of mir-133a-1-3p expression showed upregulation greater than 4-fold with a p-value < 0.01, upon Staphylococcus aureus infection. [3]
          hsa-miR-155-5p
             HGF ID HGF0243 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The level of miR-155 expression showed significantly upregulated upon Staphylococcus aureus infection (p-value<0.05). [4]
          hsa-miR-15b-5p
             HGF ID HGF0241 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The level of miR-15b-5p expression showed significantly upregulated upon Staphylococcus aureus infection in human skin tissue (p-value<0.05). [4]
          hsa-miR-193b-3p
             HGF ID HGF0223 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The level of mir-193b-3p expression showed upregulation greater than 4-fold with a p-value < 0.01, upon Staphylococcus aureus infection. [3]
          hsa-miR-20b-5p
             HGF ID HGF0205 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The level of miR-20b expression showed significantly upregulated upon Staphylococcus aureus infection (p-value<0.05). [4]
          hsa-miR-222-3p
             HGF ID HGF0195 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The level of miR-222 expression showed significantly upregulated upon Staphylococcus aureus infection (p-value<0.05). [4]
          hsa-miR-24-3p
             HGF ID HGF0188 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The level of miR-24 expression showed significantly downregulated upon Staphylococcus aureus infection (p-value<0.05). [4]
          hsa-miR-31-5p
             HGF ID HGF0162 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The level of miR-31 expression showed significantly downregulated upon Staphylococcus aureus infection (p-value<0.05). [4]
          rs1800797
             HGF ID HGF1722 HGF Info       Class Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Intron variant (SNP-IV)
             Description The variations in rs1800797 in the IL-6 promoter region were associated with the abundance of Staphylococcus aureus (p-value<0.05). [5]
          rs1800795
             HGF ID HGF1720 HGF Info       Class Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Intron variant (SNP-IV)
             Description The variations in rs1800795 in the IL-6 promoter region were associated with the abundance of Staphylococcus aureus (p-value<0.05). [5]
          rs1143627
             HGF ID HGF1728 HGF Info       Class Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Prime UTR variant (SNP-PV)
             Description The rs1143627 SNP was associated with the abundance of Staphylococcus aureus (p-value<0.05). [6]
Host Immune Factors (HIFs)
          Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide
             HIF ID HIFM0014 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description The LL-37 of 2M with sub-bactericidal concentrations of lugdunin of 0.38M can result in Staphylococcus aureus killing. [7]
          Vasostatin-1
             HIF ID HIFM0058 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description The antihypertensive peptide catestatin(Vasostatin-1), which has restricted antimicrobial enzymatic activity against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. [8]
          C-X-C motif chemokine 14
             HIF ID HIFM0077 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description The recombinant CXCL14 demonstrates antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli at 10g/ml. [9]
          Human beta defensin 3
             HIF ID HIFM0079 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description HBD-3 of 4g/ml against Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial strains bactericidal activity with defined resistance phenotypes such as amoxycillin. [10]
          Defensin beta 120
             HIF ID HIFM0084 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description The DEFB120 peptide possessed potent killing with LD90 of 6080 g/ml against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, although higher concentrations were required with LD90 of 80100 g/ml against Staphylococcus aureus. [11]
          Dermcidin
             HIF ID HIFM0086 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description Staphylococcus aureus elimination by lugdunin is additionally achieved by synergistic antimicrobial activity with LL-37 and dermcidin-derived peptides. [7]
          Human beta-defensin 10
             HIF ID HIFM0091 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description The hBD10 inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus at the concentration of 100M for 12 hours. [12]
          Human beta defensin 2
             HIF ID HIFM0092 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description HBD-2 has 21.4% effective for against Staphylococcus aureus. [13]
          Eosinophil cationic protein
             HIF ID HIFM0094 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description The RNase 3 showed >10 bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus when the hemolytic activity of 11.2+0.1M or 11.2-0.1M and the peptide size reduction of 48%. [14]
          Interleukin 26
             HIF ID HIFM0146 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description The recombinant human (rh) IL-26 inhibited the growth of gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus by direct bactericidal action and the median minimum inhibitory concentration values were in the range of 8.6 to 18.6 M. [15]
          Bradykinin
             HIF ID HIFM0160 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description Staphylococcus aureus can bind and assemble the components of the contact system through regulatory affinity to lead to activation and bradykinin release. [16]
          Non-secretory ribonuclease
             HIF ID HIFM0200 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description RNase 2 had significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus(p<0.0001). [17]
          Ribonuclease 8
             HIF ID HIFM0202 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description RNase 8 had significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus(p<0.0001). [17]
          Substance P
             HIF ID HIFM0215 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description Substance P is without effect on the growth of gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. [18]
          Cateslytin
             HIF ID HIFM0283 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description Cateslytin is resistant to Staphylococcus aureus degradation. [19]
          HE2alpha
             HIF ID HIFM0291 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description Staphylococcus aureus is susceptible to the HE2alpha peptide. [20]
          Human drosomycin-like defensin
             HIF ID HIFM0298 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description Human drosomycin-like defensin was active against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. [21]
          Human neutrophil peptide-1
             HIF ID HIFM0305 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description Human neutrophil peptide-1(HNP-1) could kill the enzymatic activity of Staphylococcus aureus. [22]
          Human neutrophil peptide-4
             HIF ID HIFM0308 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description Human neutrophil peptide-4(HNP4) could be against Staphylococcus aureus. [23]
          LL-23
             HIF ID HIFM0312 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description The LL-23 variants could kill the mprF strain of Staphylococcus aureus. [24]
          Beta-casein 213
             HIF ID HIFM0317 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description PDC213 is identified by the group exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus using in vitro assays. [25]
          Semenogelin I-derived AMP 29-residues, human
             HIF ID HIFM0326 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description SgI-29 has a defense against Staphylococcus aureus. [26]
          Thrombin-derived C-terminal Peptide
             HIF ID HIFM0330 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description C-terminal peptides(TCP) could be found after Staphylococcus aureus bacterial infection. [27]
          TLN-58
             HIF ID HIFM0332 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description TLN-58 has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. [28]
          Ubiquicidin
             HIF ID HIFM0333 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description Synthetic peptides derived from human antimicrobial peptide ubiquicidin could accumulate at sites of infections and eradicate (multi-drug resistant) Staphylococcus aureus in mice. [29]
          Human beta-defensin 27
             HIF ID HIFM0337 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description HBD-27 exerted modest antibacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus. [30]
          Human beta-defensin-28
             HIF ID HIFM0338 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description Human HBD-28 variant against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. [31]
          CD20+ B cells
             HIF ID HIFC0137 HIF Info       Class B cells (BCs)
             Description There is no relationship between the numbers of total CD20+ or CD5+CD20+ B cells and the Staphylococcus aureus colonization pattern. [32]
          T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1b
             HIF ID HIFM0039 HIF Info       Class Checkpoint molecule (CM)
             Description The Staphylococcus aureus was associated with the expression of CD1b proteins. [33]
          T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86
             HIF ID HIFM0055 HIF Info       Class Checkpoint molecule (CM)
             Description Staphylococcus aureus inhibits T-cell IL-2 responses through modulation of CD86. [34]
          Programmed death-ligand 1
             HIF ID HIFM0189 HIF Info       Class Checkpoint molecule (CM)
             Description Staphylococcus aureus inhibited T-cell IL-2 responses through modulation of PD-L1. [34]
          Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
             HIF ID HIFM0210 HIF Info       Class Checkpoint molecule (CM)
             Description The HeLa cells expressing recombinant TDO2 were capable of inhibiting the growth of bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus). [35]
          C-C motif chemokine 19
             HIF ID HIFM0021 HIF Info       Class Cytokine (Cyt)
             Description The CCL19 signaling pathway activation was influenced among proinflammatory factors by Staphylococcus aureus. [36]
          C-C motif chemokine 20
             HIF ID HIFM0023 HIF Info       Class Cytokine (Cyt)
             Description CCL20 has a property conferring a direct antimicrobial enzymatic activity against Staphylococcus aureus. [37]
          Interferon-10
             HIF ID HIFM0128 HIF Info       Class Cytokine (Cyt)
             Description Staphylococcus aureus specific Th17 cells initially produced IL-17 and additionally IL-10 upon restimulation. [38]
          Interleukin-17A
             HIF ID HIFM0134 HIF Info       Class Cytokine (Cyt)
             Description Staphylococcus aureus specific Th17 cells initially produced the IL-17. [38]
          Skin conventional dendritic cells
             HIF ID HIFC0161 HIF Info       Class Dendritic cells (DCs)
             Description Neutrophil recruitment by dermal Skin conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) was also observed during Staphylococcus aureus. [39]
          Immunoglobulin alpha Fc receptor
             HIF ID HIFM0097 HIF Info       Class Fc Receptor (FCR)
             Description Staphylococcus aureus could produce several decoy proteins that obstruct binding of IgA to FcRI(CD89). [40]
          Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
             HIF ID HIFC0017 HIF Info       Class Granulocytes (Gra)
             Description Polymorphonuclear leukocytes mediated the protection against a lethal Candida albicans/Staphylococcus aureus polymicrobial intra-abdominal infection. [41]
          Immunoglobulin M
             HIF ID HIFM0266 HIF Info       Class Immunoglobulin (Ig)
             Description IgM antibody could enhance the phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7 cells against Staphylococcus aureus MW2 infection. [42]
          Immunoglobulin G2
             HIF ID HIFM0268 HIF Info       Class Immunoglobulin (Ig)
             Description Staphylococcus aureus is associated with IgG2 response. [43]
          Immunoglobulin G1
             HIF ID HIFM0269 HIF Info       Class Immunoglobulin (Ig)
             Description The abundance of Staphylococcus aureus is associated with IgG1 response. [44]
          Immunoglobulin G
             HIF ID HIFM0270 HIF Info       Class Immunoglobulin (Ig)
             Description The abundance of Staphylococcus aureus is associated with IgG response. [45]
          Immunoglobulin E
             HIF ID HIFM0271 HIF Info       Class Immunoglobulin (Ig)
             Description An increase in Staphylococcus aureus is associated with high total IgE levels. [46]
          Immunoglobulin A
             HIF ID HIFM0272 HIF Info       Class Immunoglobulin (Ig)
             Description IgA immune responses is associated with Staphylococcus aureus. [47]
          Immunoglobulin D
             HIF ID HIFM0277 HIF Info       Class Immunoglobulin (Ig)
             Description elevated IgD levels is associated with Staphylococcus aureus infection. [48]
          Immunoglobulin G4
             HIF ID HIFM0278 HIF Info       Class Immunoglobulin (Ig)
             Description Persistent Staphylococcus aureus carriers trend toward IgG4 responses to a larger number of antigens than persistent noncarriers. [49]
          CX3CR1+ macrophages
             HIF ID HIFC0121 HIF Info       Class Macrophages (Mac)
             Description Many CX3CR1+ macrophages can captured significant numbers of Staphylococcus aureus. [50]
          Kupffer macrophages
             HIF ID HIFC0169 HIF Info       Class Macrophages (Mac)
             Description Kupffer macrophages plays an important role in capturing and eliminating Staphylococcus aureus. [51]
          CD14+ monocytes
             HIF ID HIFC0205 HIF Info       Class Monocytes (Mono)
             Description CD14+ monocytes have higher phagocytic activity than CD14- monocytes for Staphylococcus aureus. [52]
          Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma
             HIF ID HIFM0205 HIF Info       Class Retinoic acid receptor (RAR)
             Description The ROR- mRNA levels were higher after Staphylococcus aureus infection. [53]
          CD4+ helper T cells
             HIF ID HIFC0067 HIF Info       Class T cells (TCs)
             Description Staphylococcus aureus was associated with CD4+ T helper cells responses. [38]
          CD4+ regulatory T cells
             HIF ID HIFC0034 HIF Info       Class T cells (TCs)
             Description The microbiota-specific memory CD4+ T cells with 60%expansion after stimulation with Staphylococcus aureus(P 0.0001). [54]
          Toll-like receptor
             HIF ID HIFM0001 HIF Info       Class Toll-like receptor (TLR)
             Description Staphylococcus aureus was associated with activation of TLR system. [38]
Environmental Factor(s)
             Disbiome ID
      26
             gutMDisorder ID
      gm0621
             aBiofilm Organism
      Staphylococcus aureus
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30 Not Avaliable
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