General Information of HIF (ID: HIFC0017)
HIF Name	Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
HIF Synonym(s)	Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
HIF Classification	Granulocytes (Gra)
Description	Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, or PMNs, are a special family of white blood cells. The family includes immune cells known as neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils are all PMNs that can be found circulating in the bloodstream. In common parlance, the term polymorphonuclear leukocyte often refers specifically to neutrophils.				[1]

Microbe Species (MIC) Regulated by This HIF
Candida albicans (budding yeasts)			MIC00317
Description	Polymorphonuclear leukocytes mediated the protection against a lethal Candida albicans/Staphylococcus aureus polymicrobial intra-abdominal infection.				[2]
Candida glabrata (budding yeasts)			MIC01794
Description	Candida glabrata can induce protection against a lethal Candida albicans intra-abdominal infections that is mediated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes.				[2]
Candidadubliniensis (budding yeasts)			MIC02001
Description	Candida dubliniensis can induce protection against a lethal Candida albicans intra-abdominal infections that is mediated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes.				[2]
Enterococcus faecalis (firmicutes)			MIC00548
Description	Enterococcus faecalis produced sex pheromones and plasmid-encoded pheromone inhibitors which were chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vitro.				[3]
Listeria monocytogenes (firmicutes)			MIC00771
Description	Opsonized regular-sized Listeria monocytogenes grown on blood agar elicited the greatest respiratory burst response and survived best in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.				[4]
Pichia kudriavzevii (budding yeasts)			MIC01793
Description	Candida krusei can induce protection against a lethal Candida albicans intra-abdominal infections that is mediated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes.				[2]
Staphylococcus aureus (firmicutes)			MIC01208
Description	Polymorphonuclear leukocytes mediated the protection against a lethal Candida albicans/Staphylococcus aureus polymicrobial intra-abdominal infection.				[2]
Staphylococcus epidermidis (firmicutes)			MIC01214
Description	Preterm polymorphonuclear leukocytes had a decreased capacity to increase the oxidative burst in response to Streptococcus epidermidis stimulation.				[5]
Staphylococcus haemolyticus (firmicutes)			MIC01215
Description	Preterm polymorphonuclear leukocytes had a decreased capacity to increase the oxidative burst in response to Streptococcus haemolyticus stimulation.				[5]

References
1	Polymorphonuclear leukocytes: dedicated professional phagocytes.Am J Med. 1983 Apr;74(4):686-93. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(83)91028-8.
2	Immune Protection against Lethal Fungal-Bacterial Intra-Abdominal Infections.mBio. 2018 Jan 16;9(1):e01472-17. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01472-17.
3	The pathogenicity of enterococci.J Antimicrob Chemother. 1994 Jun;33(6):1083-9. doi: 10.1093/jac/33.6.1083.
4	Studies on the susceptibility of different culture morphotypes of Listeria monocytogenes to uptake and survival in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2009 Nov;57(2):183-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2009.00597.x. Epub 2009 Aug 12.
5	Defective neutrophil oxidative burst in preterm newborns on exposure to coagulase-negative staphylococci.Pediatr Res. 2004 Jun;55(6):966-71. doi: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000127018.44938.89.

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