General Information of HIF (ID: HIFM0130)
HIF Name	Interferon-12 subunit alpha
HIF Synonym(s)	IL12, Interleukin 12
HIF Classification	Cytokine (Cyt)
Molecular Function	Cytokine; Growth factor
Description	Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a potent immunostimulatory cytokine that activates the innate and adaptive cellular immune system and has shown significant therapeutic activity in preclinical models,				[1]
Pfam	Interleukin-12 alpha subunit (PF03039 )
Pathway	African trypanosomiasis (hsa05143 )
	Allograft rejection (hsa05330 )
	Amoebiasis (hsa05146 )
	C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway (hsa04625 )
	Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) (hsa05142 )
	Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (hsa04060 )
	Herpes simplex virus 1 infection (hsa05168 )
	Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (hsa05321 )
	Influenza A (hsa05164 )
	JAK-STAT signaling pathway (hsa04630 )
	Legionellosis (hsa05134 )
	Leishmaniasis (hsa05140 )
	Malaria (hsa05144 )
	Measles (hsa05162 )
	Pathways in cancer (hsa05200 )
	Pertussis (hsa05133 )
	RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway (hsa04622 )
	Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation (hsa04658 )
	Toll-like receptor signaling pathway (hsa04620 )
	Toxoplasmosis (hsa05145 )
	Tuberculosis (hsa05152 )
	Type I diabetes mellitus (hsa04940 )
Sequence	Click here to download the HIF sequence in FASTA format
External Links
	Uniprot ID	IL12A_HUMAN

Microbe Species (MIC) Regulated by This HIF
Actinobacteria (actinobacteria)			MIC00025
Description	Actinobacteria is associated with IL-12 expression.				[2]
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (actinobacteria)			MIC00216
Description	Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis HN019 promoted a Th1 immune response through an increase expression in IL-12.				[3]
Bordetella pertussis (beta-proteobacteria)			MIC00248
Description	A TLR2 agonist from Bordetella pertussis could synergistically induces production of IL-12 through activiate the enzymatic activity.				[4]
Burkholderia cenocepacia (beta-proteobacteria)			MIC00280
Description	Burkholderia cenocepacia could increase the expression of IL-12.				[5]
Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum (firmicutes)			MIC00293
Description	Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum decreased IL-12 expression levels.				[6]
Chlamydia felis (chlamydias)			MIC00349
Description	The production of cytokine IL-12 can cause Chlamydia felis infection.				[7]
Chlamydia pneumoniae (chlamydias)			MIC00350
Description	Chlamydophila pneumoniae could increase the expression of IL-12.				[8]
Clostridioides difficile (firmicutes)			MIC00396
Description	The surface layer proteins(SLPs) among Clostridium difficile induced the production of the proinflammatory IL-12.				[9]
Halococcus morrhuae (euryarchaeotes)			MIC01443
Description	The Halococcus morrhuae could induce the IL-12 secretion from dendritic cells.				[10]
Klebsiella aerogenes (enterobacteria)			MIC00530
Description	Enterobacter aerogenes is associated with the IL-12 expression.				[11]
Lactobacillus casei (firmicutes)			MIC00707
Description	Lactobacillus casei has effect on reducing the expression of IL-12p35 and IL-12p40 genes which were below the limit of detection.				[12]
Lactobacillus delbrueckii (firmicutes)			MIC00712
Description	Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.lactis CNRZ327 modulated the production of IL-12 in colonic tissue during colitis.				[13]
Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens (firmicutes)			MIC00723
Description	Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens could induce the IL-12 expression.				[14]
Lactobacillus paracasei (firmicutes)			MIC00726
Description	Lactobacillus paracasei could increase the expression level of IL-12.				[15]
Leuconostoc citreum (firmicutes)			MIC00764
Description	The ability of Leuconostoc citreum to stimulate IFN-gamma was dependent on its induction of IL-12 expression.				[16]
Leuconostoc mesenteroides (firmicutes)			MIC00766
Description	Leuconostoc mesenteroides induced the production of IL-12 expression.				[17]
Listeria monocytogenes (firmicutes)			MIC00771
Description	Listeria monocytogenes induced the production of IL-12 expression.				[18]
Mycobacterium ulcerans (actinobacteria)			MIC00852
Description	Mycobacterium marinum induced increased production of high IL-12p40 expression.				[19]
Mycoplasma hominis (mycoplasmas)			MIC00871
Description	Mycoplasma hominis could stimulate the production of IL-12.				[20]
Neisseria lactamica (beta-proteobacteria)			MIC00888
Description	Neisseria lactamica increased the IL-12 expression.				[21]
Pasteurella multocida (gamma-proteobacteria)			MIC00967
Description	Pasteurella multocida LPS was also able to induce the expression and the subsequent release of proinflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines such as IL-12 from a mix of murine splenocytes.				[22]
Prevotella copri (CFB bacteria)			MIC01010
Description	The magnitude of Prevotella copri IgA antibodies has strong positive correlations IL-12 expression.				[23]
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (enterobacteria)			MIC01154
Description	Salmonella typhimurium can induce the expression of IL-12.				[24]
Streptococcus salivarius (firmicutes)			MIC01268
Description	Streptococcus salivarius induced the IL-12 expression.				[25]
Treponema denticola (spirochetes)			MIC01322
Description	Treponema denticola could stimulate the production of IL-12.				[26]

References
1	Impact of IL-12 in Cancer.Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2017;17(8):682-697. doi: 10.2174/1568009617666170427102729.
2	Isolation, Diversity, and Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Activities of Endophytic Actinobacteria From Tea Cultivars Zijuan and Yunkang-10 (Camellia sinensis var. assamica). Front Microbiol. 2018 Jun 18;9:1304. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01304. eCollection 2018.
3	Investigation of the immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium lactis on Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter. 2008 Jun;13(3):183-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2008.00595.x.
4	Sustained protective immunity against Bordetella pertussis nasal colonization by intranasal immunization with a vaccine-adjuvant combination that induces IL-17-secreting T(RM) cells. Mucosal Immunol. 2018 Nov;11(6):1763-1776. doi: 10.1038/s41385-018-0080-x. Epub 2018 Aug 20.
5	Using dendritic cells to evaluate how Burkholderia cenocepacia clonal isolates from a chronically infected cystic fibrosis patient subvert immune functions. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2017 Apr;206(2):111-123. doi: 10.1007/s00430-016-0488-4. Epub 2016 Dec 16.
6	Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. 2013 Dec;62(12):1745-52. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303611. Epub 2012 Dec 22.
7	Vaccination against chlamydial infections of man and animals. Vet J. 2006 Mar;171(2):263-75. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.09.006. Epub 2004 Nov 11.
8	Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection and Inflammatory Diseases. For Immunopathol Dis Therap. 2016;7(3-4):237-254. doi: 10.1615/ForumImmunDisTher.2017020161.
9	Interruption of CXCL13-CXCR5 axis increases upper genital tract pathology and activation of NKT cells following chlamydial genital infection.PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e47487. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047487. Epub 2012 Nov 26.
10	Archaeosomes varying in lipid composition differ in receptor-mediated endocytosis and differentially adjuvant immune responses to entrapped antigen. Archaea. 2003 Oct;1(3):151-64. doi: 10.1155/2003/569283.
11	Immunological cross-reactivity between Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella capsular polysaccharides. Microb Pathog. 1990 Aug;9(2):127-30. doi: 10.1016/0882-4010(90)90086-6.
12	The Impact of Lactobacillus casei on the Composition of the Cecal Microbiota and Innate Immune System Is Strain Specific. PLoS One. 2016 May 31;11(5):e0156374. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156374. eCollection 2016.
13	Local and systemic immune mechanisms underlying the anti-colitis effects of the dairy bacterium Lactobacillus delbrueckii. PLoS One. 2014 Jan 21;9(1):e85923. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085923. eCollection 2014.
14	Effects of the oral administration of the exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens on the gut mucosal immunity. Cytokine. 2006 Dec;36(5-6):254-60. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.01.003. Epub 2007 Mar 23.
15	Consumption of Dairy Yogurt Containing Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis and Heat-Treated Lactobacillus plantarum Improves Immune Function Including Natural Killer Cell Activity. Nutrients. 2017 May 31;9(6):558. doi: 10.3390/nu9060558.
16	Leuconostoc citreum isolated from kimchi suppresses the development of collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice. Min-SungKwon. Journal of Functional Foods. 63, 103579. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2019.103579
17	Induction of Th1 cytokines by Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides (KCTC 3100) under Th2-type conditions and the requirement of NF-kappaB and p38/JNK. Cytokine. 2009 May;46(2):283-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2009.02.005. Epub 2009 Mar 18.
18	HDAC6 controls innate immune and autophagy responses to TLR-mediated signalling by the intracellular bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS Pathog. 2017 Dec 27;13(12):e1006799. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006799. eCollection 2017 Dec.
19	Mycobacterium marinum: a potential immunotherapy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2013 Jul 29;7:669-80. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S45197. Print 2013.
20	Interaction of Mycoplasma hominis PG21 with Human Dendritic Cells: Interleukin-23-Inducing Mycoplasmal Lipoproteins and Inflammasome Activation of the Cell. J Bacteriol. 2017 Jul 11;199(15):e00213-17. doi: 10.1128/JB.00213-17. Print 2017 Aug 1.
21	The PorB porin from commensal Neisseria lactamica induces Th1 and Th2 immune responses to ovalbumin in mice and is a potential immune adjuvant. Vaccine. 2008 Feb 6;26(6):786-96. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.11.080. Epub 2007 Dec 26.
22	Pasteurella multocida and immune cells. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2012;361:53-72. doi: 10.1007/82_2012_204.
23	Evidence of the Immune Relevance of Prevotella copri, a Gut Microbe, in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 May;69(5):964-975. doi: 10.1002/art.40003. Epub 2017 Apr 7.
24	Salmonella Typhimurium, the major causative agent of foodborne illness inactivated by a phage lysis system provides effective protection against lethal challenge by induction of robust cell-mediated immune responses and activation of dendritic cells. Vet Res. 2017 Oct 25;48(1):66. doi: 10.1186/s13567-017-0474-x.
25	Anti-inflammatory properties of Streptococcus salivarius, a commensal bacterium of the oral cavity and digestive tract. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014 Feb;80(3):928-34. doi: 10.1128/AEM.03133-13. Epub 2013 Nov 22.
26	Activation of the Innate Immune System by Treponema denticola Periplasmic Flagella through Toll-Like Receptor 2. Infect Immun. 2017 Dec 19;86(1):e00573-17. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00573-17. Print 2018 Jan.

If you find any error in data or bug in web service, please kindly report it to Dr. Tang and Dr. Mou.