General Information of MIC (ID: MIC00707)
MIC Name	Lactobacillus casei (firmicutes)
MIC Synonyms	Streptobacterium casei
Body Site	Gut
Lineage	Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Firmicutes Class: Bacilli Order: Lactobacillales Family: Lactobacillaceae Genus: Lactobacillus Species: Lactobacillus casei
Oxygen Sensitivity	Facultative anaerobe
Microbial Metabolism	Saccharolytic; Respiratory or Fermentative
Gram	Positive
Host Relationship	Probiotic
Genome Size (bp)	2952961
No. of Coding Genes	2443
No. of Non-Coding Genes	39
No. of Small Non-Coding Genes	39
No. of Gene Transcripts	2482
No. of Base Pairs	3272534
Description	Lactobacillus casei is a facultative anaerobic, Gram positive bacterium. It is known to be a probiotic. It may be a useful supplement for application in children during acute diarrhea to reduce clinical severity and intestinal inflammatory reaction.
External Links	Taxonomy ID	1582
	Genome Assembly ID	L._casei_Hybrid_assembly
	GOLD Organism ID	Go0005544
Disease Relevance
Dental caries  [ICD-11: DA08]
Description	Lactobacillus casei might play an important role in caries development.				[1]
Vibrio mimicus gastroenteritis  [ICD-11: 1A40]
Description	Probiotic Lactobacillus casei may be a useful supplement for application in children during acute diarrhea to reduce clinical severity and intestinal inflammatory reaction.				[2]

Host Genetic Factors (HGFs)
hsa-miR-215-5p
HGF ID	HGF0661	HGF Info	Class	Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
Description	The level of miR-215 expression was increased by Lactobacillus casei.				[3]
hsa-miR-192-5p
HGF ID	HGF0224	HGF Info	Class	Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
Description	The level of miR-192 expression was increased by Lactobacillus casei.				[3]
hsa-miR-200b-3p
HGF ID	HGF0212	HGF Info	Class	Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
Description	The level of miR-200b expression was increased by Lactobacillus casei.				[3]

Host Immune Factors (HIFs)
ICOS ligand
HIF ID	HIFM0125	HIF Info	Class	Checkpoint molecule (CM)
Description	The expression of B7RP-1 (ICOSLG) was augmented after low-dose probiotic or Lactobacillus casei treatment.				[4]
C-X-C motif chemokine 10
HIF ID	HIFM0074	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	Lactobacillus casei induced IP-10 ubiquitination.				[5]
Tumor necrosis factor
HIF ID	HIFM0226	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	The cytokines TNF-Alpha expression was associated with the abundance of Lactobacillus casei.				[6]
Interferon-10
HIF ID	HIFM0128	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	The impact of Lactobacillus casei on the composition of the cecal cytokines IL-10 is strain specific.				[6]
Interferon-12 subunit alpha
HIF ID	HIFM0130	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	Lactobacillus casei has effect on reducing the expression of IL-12p35 and IL-12p40 genes which were below the limit of detection.				[6]
Interferon alpha/beta receptor 1
HIF ID	HIFM0155	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	Lactobacillus casei could reduce the expression of IFNar1(p<0.05).				[6]
Interferon alpha/beta receptor 2
HIF ID	HIFM0156	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	Lactobacillus casei could reduce the expression of IFNar2(p<0.05).				[6]
Interferon gamma
HIF ID	HIFM0260	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	Lactobacillus casei was associated with IFNs.				[6]
Immunoglobulin A
HIF ID	HIFM0272	HIF Info	Class	Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Description	Lactobacillus casei is negatively associated with IgA.				[7]
Immunoglobulin G
HIF ID	HIFM0270	HIF Info	Class	Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Description	Lactobacillus casei is associated with IgG immune responses.				[6]
Interferon signaling pathway
HIF ID	HIFP0011	HIF Info	Class	Signaling pathway (SP)
Description	A reduction in the expression of the interferon receptor 1 (IFNar1) in mice fed-Lactobacillus casei CRF28 and BL23 was observed. Additionally, a reduction in the expression of Interferon receptor 2 (IFNar2) was observed in mice fed-Lactobacillus casei UW1 and M36.				[6]
Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14
HIF ID	HIFM0037	HIF Info	Class	T-cell receptor (TCR)
Description	Probiotics(Lactobacillus casei) can inhibit the binding of lipopolysaccharides to the CD14 receptor.				[8]
Toll-like receptor 2
HIF ID	HIFM0217	HIF Info	Class	Toll-like receptor (TLR)
Description	TLR2 expressed statistically different afrer Lactobacillus casei infection.				[6]

Environmental Factor(s)
Disbiome ID			1454
gutMDisorder ID			gm0393

References
1	Acid production and growth by oral Lactobacillus species in vitro. J Investig Clin Dent. 2012 Feb;3(1):56-61. doi: 10.1111/j.2041-1626.2011.00098.x. Epub 2011 Sep 15.
2	Probiotic Lactobacillus casei: Effective for Managing Childhood Diarrhea by Altering Gut Microbiota and Attenuating Fecal Inflammatory Markers. Nutrients. 2019 May 23;11(5):1150. doi: 10.3390/nu11051150.
3	Impact of lactobacilli on orally acquired listeriosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Oct 9;109(41):16684-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1212809109. Epub 2012 Sep 24.
4	Bacterial probiotic modulation of dendritic cells.Infect Immun. 2004 Jun;72(6):3299-309. doi: 10.1128/IAI.72.6.3299-3309.2004.
5	Post-translational inhibition of IP-10 secretion in IEC by probiotic bacteria: impact on chronic inflammation.PLoS One. 2009;4(2):e4365. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004365. Epub 2009 Feb 6.
6	The Impact of Lactobacillus casei on the Composition of the Cecal Microbiota and Innate Immune System Is Strain Specific. PLoS One. 2016 May 31;11(5):e0156374. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156374. eCollection 2016.
7	Impact of a 3-Months Vegetarian Diet on the Gut Microbiota and Immune Repertoire.Front Immunol. 2018 Apr 27;9:908. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00908. eCollection 2018.
8	Probiotics importance and their immunomodulatory properties. J Cell Physiol. 2019 Jun;234(6):8008-8018. doi: 10.1002/jcp.27559. Epub 2018 Oct 14.

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