Details of Microbe Species (MIC)

General Information of MIC (ID: MIC01268)
MIC Name Streptococcus salivarius (firmicutes)
MIC Synonyms Streptococcus salivarius subsp. salivarius
Body Site Oral Cavity
Lineage Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Firmicutes
Class: Bacilli
Order: Lactobacillales
Family: Streptococcaceae
Genus: Streptococcus
Species: Streptococcus salivarius
Oxygen Sensitivity Facultative anaerobe
Microbial Metabolism Saccharolytic; Respiratory or Fermentative
Gram Positive
Host Relationship Opportunistic pathogen; Commensal
Genome Size (bp) 2344494
No. of Coding Genes 2080
No. of Non-Coding Genes 41
No. of Small Non-Coding Genes 41
No. of Gene Transcripts 2121
No. of Base Pairs 2344494
Description Streptococcus salivarius is a species of spherical, Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacteria that is both catalase and oxidase negative. S. salivarius colonizes the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract of humans just a few hours after birth, making further exposure to the bacterium harmless in most circumstances. The bacterium is considered an opportunistic pathogen, rarely finding its way into the bloodstream, where it has been implicated in cases of sepsis in people with neutropenia.
External Links Taxonomy ID
1304
Genome Assembly ID
De_Novo_Assembly
GOLD Organism ID
Go0005535
Disease Relevance
          Dermatitis and eczema  [ICD-11: EA80]
             Description Streptococcus salivarius was less abundant in infants with eczema. [1]
          Sepsis  [ICD-11: 1G41]
             Description Streptococcus salivarius was associated with sepsis. [2]
          Upper respiratory infection  [ICD-11: CA07]
             Description Streptococcus salivarius 24SMB possessed desirable characteristics as probiotic for the treatment and prevention of infections of the upper airways. [3]
Host Genetic Factors (HGFs)
          rs73041555
             HGF ID HGF2146 HGF Info       Class Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)
             Description The rs73041555 SNP was significantly associated with the abundance of Streptococcus salivarius (p-value<1.00E-08). [4]
          rs4400913
             HGF ID HGF1637 HGF Info       Class Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Intron variant (SNP-IV)
             Description The rs4400913 SNP was significantly associated with the abundance of Streptococcus salivarius (p-value<1.00E-08). [4]
Host Immune Factors (HIFs)
          Interferon-10
             HIF ID HIFM0128 HIF Info       Class Cytokine (Cyt)
             Description The frequency of tumor-infiltrating Streptococcus salivarius-specific cytotoxic CD8 T cell was inversely correlated with the level of IL-10 secretion. [5]
          Interferon-12 subunit alpha
             HIF ID HIFM0130 HIF Info       Class Cytokine (Cyt)
             Description Streptococcus salivarius induced the IL-12 expression. [6]
          C-X-C motif chemokine 8
             HIF ID HIFM0153 HIF Info       Class Cytokine (Cyt)
             Description Streptococcus salivarius released a low-molecular-weight soluble factors that significantly reduced the activation of IL-8 secretion in intestinal epithelial and immune cell lines. [6]
          Tumor necrosis factor
             HIF ID HIFM0226 HIF Info       Class Cytokine (Cyt)
             Description On HT-29 human IECs, the four live Streptococcus salivarius strains significantly could inhibited TNF-Alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation (ranging from 50% to 80%), while heat-killed bacteria did not. [6]
          Interferon gamma
             HIF ID HIFM0260 HIF Info       Class Cytokine (Cyt)
             Description Streptococcus salivarius could induce IFN-gamma. [6]
          Macrophages
             HIF ID HIFC0020 HIF Info       Class Macrophages (Mac)
             Description Streptococcus salivarius-specific granzyme B responses was mediated by CD8 T cell and the polarization of macrophages could influence the potency of CD8 T cell responses. [5]
          Nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway
             HIF ID HIFP0028 HIF Info       Class Signaling pathway (SP)
             Description live Streptococcus salivarius strains could inhibite the activation of the NF-kappaB pathway. [6]
          CD8+ T cells
             HIF ID HIFC0073 HIF Info       Class T cells (TCs)
             Description Streptococcus salivarius-mediated CD8 T cell stimulation required antigen presentation by macrophages in oral squamous cell carcinoma. [5]
Environmental Factor(s)
             Disbiome ID
      426
             gutMDisorder ID
      gm0624
             aBiofilm Organism
      Streptococcus salivarius
References
1 Altered Gut Microbiota Composition Associated with Eczema in Infants. PLoS One. 2016 Nov 3;11(11):e0166026. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166026. eCollection 2016.
2 Rectal and Vaginal Eradication of Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) in Pregnant Women by Using Lactobacillus salivarius CECT 9145, A Target-specific Probiotic Strain. Nutrients. 2019 Apr 10;11(4):810. doi: 10.3390/nu11040810.
3 Probiotics Streptococcus salivarius 24SMB and Streptococcus oralis 89a interfere with biofilm formation of pathogens of the upper respiratory tract. BMC Infect Dis. 2018 Dec 13;18(1):653. doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3576-9.
4 Host genetic variation and its microbiome interactions within the Human Microbiome Project.Genome Med. 2018 Jan 29;10(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s13073-018-0515-8.
5 Streptococcus salivarius-mediated CD8(+) T cell stimulation required antigen presentation by macrophages in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Cell Res. 2018 May 15;366(2):121-126. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.03.007. Epub 2018 Mar 9.
6 Anti-inflammatory properties of Streptococcus salivarius, a commensal bacterium of the oral cavity and digestive tract. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014 Feb;80(3):928-34. doi: 10.1128/AEM.03133-13. Epub 2013 Nov 22.

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