Details of Host Immune Factor (HIF) Regulating Microbe Species (MIC)

General Information of HIF (ID: HIFP0044)
HIF Name
Toll like receptor 2 signalling pathway
HIF Synonym(s)
host TLR2 signaling, TLR-2 signalling pathway
HIF Classification
Signaling pathway (SP)
Description TLR2 signaling is initiated by ligand-induced dimerization of the essential cytoplasmic TIR domains of the TLR2 heterodimers13. This then triggers a cascade of phosphorylation events that vary depending on whether it was TLR2/1 or TLR2/6 that was stimulated, ultimately initiating diverse innate and adaptive immune responses in the hos [1]
Microbe Species (MIC) Regulated by This HIF
         Aeromonas hydrophila (gamma-proteobacteria) MIC00046
             Description The transcriptional levels of TLR2 (Toll like receptor 2), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP), interleukin-1Beta (IL-1Beta) and tumor necrosis factor-Alpha1 (TNF-Alpha1) in spleen and kidney significantly increased post the Aeromonas hydrophila challenge compared to the pre challenge. [2]
         Lactobacillus acidophilus (firmicutes) MIC00702
             Description Lactobacillus acidophilus W37 statistically significantly activated TLR2 in a dose dependent way inducing a 1.4 fold increase at 106 CFU mL-1 (p = 0.003) and an 8.2 fold increase (p < 0.0001) at 107 CFU mL-1. [3]
         Lactobacillus gallinarum (firmicutes) MIC00715
             Description Lactobacillus gallinarum strain is a potent inducer of cytokines and TLR2 signalling. [4]
         Lactobacillus jensenii (firmicutes) MIC00720
             Description The abundance of Lactobacillus jensenii TL2937 is associated with TLR2 signaling pathways. [5]
         Lactobacillus plantarum (firmicutes) MIC00730
             Description Lactobacillus plantarum was associated with TLR-2 signalling pathway. [6]
         Lactobacillus sakei (firmicutes) MIC00734
             Description MVs released from Lactobacillus sakei NBRC15893 enhance IgA production by activating host TLR2 signaling through its cell wall components. [7]
         Porphyromonas gingivalis (CFB bacteria) MIC01000
             Description Porphyromonas gingivalis surface molecules has regulatory affinity which could bind to tolllike receptor 2 (TLR2) on platelets, further strengthening platelets as bacterial sensors in the circulation. [8]
References
1 MicroRNA-27b Modulates Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. J Immunol. 2018 May 15;200(10):3506-3518. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701448. Epub 2018 Apr 16.
2 Replacement of fishmeal by spirulina Arthrospira platensis affects growth, immune related-gene expression in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS III), and its challenge against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2018 Aug;79:265-273. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.022. Epub 2018 May 26.
3 Synbiotic Effects of the Dietary Fiber Long-Chain Inulin and Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus W37 Can be Caused by Direct, Synergistic Stimulation of Immune Toll-Like Receptors and Dendritic Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018 Jun 14;62(15):e1800251. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201800251. Online ahead of print.
4 Immunomodulatory properties of Streptococcus and Veillonella isolates from the human small intestine microbiota. PLoS One. 2014 Dec 5;9(12):e114277. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114277. eCollection 2014.
5 Modulation of Intestinal TLR4-Inflammatory Signaling Pathways by Probiotic Microorganisms: Lessons Learned from Lactobacillus jensenii TL2937. Front Immunol. 2014 Jan 14;4:512. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00512. eCollection 2014 Jan 14.
6 Short communication: Complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum J26, a probiotic strain with immunomodulatory activity. J Dairy Sci. 2019 Dec;102(12):10838-10844. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-16593. Epub 2019 Sep 20.
7 IgA-enhancing effects of membrane vesicles derived from Lactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei NBRC15893. Biosci Microbiota Food Health. 2019;38(1):23-29. doi: 10.12938/bmfh.18-015. Epub 2018 Nov 1.
8 The role of Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipains in platelet activation and innate immune modulation. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2015 Feb;30(1):62-73. doi: 10.1111/omi.12067. Epub 2014 Oct 3.

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