General Information of MIC (ID: MIC00220)
MIC Name	Bifidobacterium pseudolongum (actinobacteria)
Body Site	Gut
Lineage	Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Actinobacteria Class: Actinobacteria Order: Bifidobacteriales Family: Bifidobacteriaceae Genus: Bifidobacterium Species: Bifidobacterium pseudolongum
Oxygen Sensitivity	Obligate anaerobe
Microbial Metabolism	Saccharolytic; Fermentative
Gram	Positive
Genome Size (bp)	2032698
Description	Bifidobacterium pseudolongum is an obligately anaerobic, Gram positive bacterium. It belongs to the less predominant and less studied bifidobacteria in infants and accounts for approximately 2% of the bifidobacterial population colonizing the gut of infants. It may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of diet-induced obesity.
External Links	Taxonomy ID	1694
	Genome Assembly ID	ASM80047v2
	GOLD Organism ID	Go0123915
Disease Relevance
Inflammatory bowel disease  [ICD-11: DD72]
Description	Inflammatory bowel disease was associated with Bifidobacterium pseudolongum infection.				[1]
Obesity  [ICD-11: 5B81]
Description	Bifidobacterium pseudolongum may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of diet-induced obesity (DIO).				[2]

Host Genetic Factors (HGFs)
SMARCAD1
HGF ID	HGF2342	HGF Info	Class	Copy Number Variation: Gene Deletion (CNV-GDe)
Description	The deletion of SMARCAD1 was significantly associated with a decrease of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum (p-value<0.05).				[3]
rs651821
HGF ID	HGF1924	HGF Info	Class	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Prime UTR variant (SNP-PV)
Description	The APOA5 SNP rs651821 might be an important host genetic factor in determining the abundances of the health-promoting Bifidobacterium bacteria and the taxa to which this genus belongs.				[4]

Host Immune Factors (HIFs)
C-C motif chemokine 19
HIF ID	HIFM0021	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	Stimulation of DC and macrophage lines with Bifidobacterium pseudolongum induced the homeostatic chemokine CCL19.				[5]
Interferon-10
HIF ID	HIFM0128	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	Bifidobacterium pseudolongum is associated with IL-10 expression.				[5]
Interferon-6
HIF ID	HIFM0151	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	Bifidobacterium pseudolongum induced less amounts of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6.				[5]
Tumor necrosis factor
HIF ID	HIFM0226	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	Stimulation of DC and macrophage lines with Bifidobacterium pseudolongum induced lesser amounts of the proinflammatory cytokines TNFAlpha and IL-6.				[5]
M1 macrophages
HIF ID	HIFC0019	HIF Info	Class	Macrophages (Mac)
Description	Cell free extract from Bifidobacterium pseudolongum had effects at mitigating M1-differentiation of macrophages.				[6]

Environmental Factor(s)
Disbiome ID			33
gutMDisorder ID			gm0105

References
1	Metronidazole effects on microbiota and mucus layer thickness in the rat gut. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2010 Sep;73(3):601-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00916.x. Epub 2010 May 25.
2	Bifidobacterium pseudolongum reduces triglycerides by modulating gut microbiota in mice fed high-fat food. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2020 Apr;198:105602. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105602. Epub 2020 Jan 24.
3	Smarcad1 mediates microbiota-induced inflammation in mouse and coordinates gene expression in the intestinal epithelium.Genome Biol. 2020 Mar 11;21(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s13059-020-01976-7.
4	The effect of heritability and host genetics on the gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome.Gut. 2017 Jun;66(6):1031-1038. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-311326. Epub 2016 Apr 6.
5	Gut microbiota-dependent modulation of innate immunity and lymph node remodeling affects cardiac allograft outcomes. JCI Insight. 2018 Oct 4;3(19):e121045. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.121045.
6	The Pancreatic Cancer Microbiome Promotes Oncogenesis by Induction of Innate and Adaptive Immune Suppression.Cancer Discov. 2018 Apr;8(4):403-416. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-17-1134. Epub 2018 Mar 22.

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