General Information of MIC (ID: MIC01003)
MIC Name	Porphyromonas sp. (CFB bacteria)
Body Site	Oral Cavity
Lineage	Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Bacteroidetes Class: Bacteroidia Order: Bacteroidales Family: Porphyromonadaceae Genus: Porphyromonas Species: Porphyromonas sp.
Oxygen Sensitivity	Anaerobe
Microbial Metabolism	Saccharolytic; Fermentative
Gram	Negative
Description	Porphyromonas is a genus of an anaerobic, Gram negative bacterium.
External Links	Taxonomy ID	1924944
	GOLD Organism ID	Go0325252
Disease Relevance
Chronic kidney disease  [ICD-11: GB61]
Description	Porphyromonadaceae was associated with chronic kidney disease.				[1]
Crohn disease  [ICD-11: DD70]
Description	Overrepresentation of Porphyromonadaceae occured in Crohns disease patients.				[2]
Periodontal disease  [ICD-11: DA0C]
Description	Porphyromonas spp. was associated with periodontal disease.				[3]

Host Genetic Factors (HGFs)
AMY2A
HGF ID	HGF2359	HGF Info	Class	Copy Number Variation: Gene Duplication (CNV-GDu)
Description	High AMY1 copy number (CN) is associated with higher levels of Porphyromonas in saliva.				[4]
A2ML1
HGF ID	HGF2326	HGF Info	Class	Copy Number Variation: Gene Deletion (CNV-GDe)
Description	The duplication of A2ML1 could increase relative abundances of Porphyromonas (p-value<0.05).				[5]
AMY1A
HGF ID	HGF2311	HGF Info	Class	Copy Number Variation: Gene Duplication (CNV-GDu)
Description	Oral microbiome Porphyromonas differs between high AMY1-CN and low AMY1-CN groups at the OTU level (p-value<0.05).				[4]
FTO
HGF ID	HGF2329	HGF Info	Class	Copy Number Variation: Gene Deletion (CNV-GDe)
Description	The deletion of FTO could decrease relative abundances of Porphyromonadaceae.				[6]
NLRP6
HGF ID	HGF2356	HGF Info	Class	Copy Number Variation: Gene Deletion (CNV-GDe)
Description	The deletion of Nlrp6 could increase the abundance of Porphyromonadaceae.				[7]
rs7496668
HGF ID	HGF1945	HGF Info	Class	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Missense variant (SNP-MV)
Description	The rs7496668 SNP was significantly associated with the abundance of Porphyromonas (p-value=3.93E-06).				[8]
rs615942
HGF ID	HGF1846	HGF Info	Class	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Missense variant (SNP-MV)
Description	The rs615942 SNP was significantly associated with the abundance of Porphyromonas (p-value=3.14E-07).				[8]
rs4986790
HGF ID	HGF1279	HGF Info	Class	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Missense variant (SNP-MV)
Description	The variant in TLR4 rs4986790 was associated with an increase in Porphyromonas.				[9]
rs9291879
HGF ID	HGF2042	HGF Info	Class	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)
Description	The rs9291879 SNP was significantly associated with the abundance of unclassifed Porphyromonadaceae (p-value=3.51E-9).				[10]
rs7656342
HGF ID	HGF1342	HGF Info	Class	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Intron variant (SNP-IV)
Description	The rs7656342 SNP was significantly associated with the abundance of unclassifed Porphyromonadaceae (p-value=2.80E-9).				[10]

Host Immune Factors (HIFs)
C-C motif chemokine 13
HIF ID	HIFM0018	HIF Info	Class	Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
Description	CCL13 significantly altered by co-culture with Atopobium and Porphyromonas.				[11]
Immunoglobulin G
HIF ID	HIFM0270	HIF Info	Class	Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Description	The infection of Porphyromonadaceae could increase the concentrations of serum IgG.				[12]
Immunoglobulin A
HIF ID	HIFM0272	HIF Info	Class	Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Description	The relative abundances of Porphyromonadaceae increase is associated with an increase in serum IgA concentrations.				[12]

Environmental Factor(s)
Disbiome ID			329
gutMDisorder ID			gm0533

References
1	p-Cresyl Sulfate. Toxins (Basel). 2017 Jan 29;9(2):52. doi: 10.3390/toxins9020052.
2	Influences of intestinal bacteria in human inflammatory bowel disease. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2010 Dec;24(4):977-93, ix. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2010.07.008.
3	Pathogenicity and genetic profile of oral Porphyromonas species from canine periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol. 2017 Nov;83:20-24. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.07.001. Epub 2017 Jul 4.
4	Human Salivary Amylase Gene Copy Number Impacts Oral and Gut Microbiomes.Cell Host Microbe. 2019 Apr 10;25(4):553-564.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.03.001.
5	Middle ear microbiome differences in indigenous Filipinos with chronic otitis media due to a duplication in the A2ML1 gene.Infect Dis Poverty. 2016 Nov 1;5(1):97. doi: 10.1186/s40249-016-0189-7.
6	Fto Deficiency Reduces Anxiety- and Depression-Like Behaviors in Mice via Alterations in Gut Microbiota.Theranostics. 2019 Jan 24;9(3):721-733. doi: 10.7150/thno.31562. eCollection 2019.
7	Nlrp6- and ASC-Dependent Inflammasomes Do Not Shape the Commensal Gut Microbiota Composition.Immunity. 2017 Aug 15;47(2):339-348.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.07.011. Epub 2017 Aug 8.
8	Host genetic variation impacts microbiome composition across human body sites.Genome Biol. 2015 Sep 15;16(1):191. doi: 10.1186/s13059-015-0759-1.
9	Genetic association of Toll-like receptor 4 with cervical cytokine concentrations during pregnancy.Genes Immun. 2009 Oct;10(7):636-40. doi: 10.1038/gene.2009.47. Epub 2009 Jun 25.
10	Genome-wide association analysis identifies variation in vitamin D receptor and other host factors influencing the gut microbiota.Nat Genet. 2016 Nov;48(11):1396-1406. doi: 10.1038/ng.3695. Epub 2016 Oct 10.
11	Atopobium vaginae And Porphyromonas somerae Induce Proinflammatory Cytokines Expression In Endometrial Cells: A Possible Implication For Endometrial Cancer. Cancer Manag Res. 2019 Sep 23;11:8571-8575. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S217362. eCollection 2019.
12	Consumption of polysaccharides from Auricularia auricular modulates the intestinal microbiota in mice. Food Res Int. 2019 Sep;123:383-392. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.070. Epub 2019 May 2.

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