General Information of MIC (ID: MIC00851)
MIC Name	Mycobacterium leprae (actinobacteria)
MIC Synonyms	Bacillus leprae
Body Site	Skin
Lineage	Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Actinobacteria Class: Actinobacteria Order: Corynebacteriales Family: Mycobacteriaceae Genus: Mycobacterium Species: Mycobacterium leprae
Oxygen Sensitivity	Aerobe
Microbial Metabolism	Energy metabolism
Gram	Positive
Host Relationship	Pathogen
Genome Size (bp)	3268203
Description	Mycobacterium leprae is an obligate intracellular pathogen. It is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive, intracellular, pleomorphic, acid-fast, pathogenic bacterium. Mycobacterium leprae can infect nerve, skin and mucosal cells. it can cause leprosy (Hansen's disease).
External Links	Taxonomy ID	1769
	Genome Assembly ID	ASM2668v1
	GOLD Organism ID	Go0005344
Disease Relevance
Leprosy  [ICD-11: 1B20]
Description	Mycobacterium leprae was associated with leprosy.				[1]

Host Genetic Factors (HGFs)
IL23R
HGF ID	HGF2364	HGF Info	Class	Copy Number Variation: Gene Deletion (CNV-GDe)
Description	The IL23R gene, with an essential role in immunity to mycobacteria.				[2]
hsa-miR-21-5p
HGF ID	HGF0204	HGF Info	Class	Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
Description	Infection of monocytes with Mycobacterium leprae triggered an upregulation of hsa-mir-21 in a dose-dependent and time-responsive manner, with a 4.1-fold change.				[3]

Host Immune Factors (HIFs)
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1
HIF ID	HIFM0120	HIF Info	Class	Checkpoint molecule (CM)
Description	Induction of IDO in T cells and dendritic cells by Mycobacterium leprae.				[4]
Interferon-4
HIF ID	HIFM0149	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	Mycobacterium leprae could stimulate IL-4 expression.				[5]
C-X-C motif chemokine 8
HIF ID	HIFM0153	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	Mycobacterium leprae is associated with CXCL8 expression.				[5]
Interferon gamma
HIF ID	HIFM0260	HIF Info	Class	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	9 of 33 Mycobacterium leprae recombinant proteins could induce IFN-Gamma secretion in tuberculoid (TT)/borderline tuberculoid (BT) patients and HHCs by a WBA in a Brazilian population.				[5]
Immunoglobulin G3
HIF ID	HIFM0267	HIF Info	Class	Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Description	Disease progression in leprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae showed a significant correlation with selective increases in IgG3 responses.				[6]
Immunoglobulin G1
HIF ID	HIFM0269	HIF Info	Class	Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Description	Disease progression in leprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae showed a significant correlation with selective increases in IgG1 responses.				[6]

Environmental Factor(s)
Disbiome ID			839

References
1	A Macrophage Response to Mycobacterium leprae Phenolic Glycolipid Initiates Nerve Damage in Leprosy. Version 2. Cell. 2017 Aug 24;170(5):973-985.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.030.
2	IL12B SNPs and copy number variation in IL23R gene associated with susceptibility to leprosy.J Med Genet. 2013 Jan;50(1):34-42. doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101214.
3	MicroRNA-21 targets the vitamin D-dependent antimicrobial pathway in leprosy. Nat Med. 2012 Jan 29;18(2):267-73. doi: 10.1038/nm.2584.
4	Induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by uropathogenic bacteria attenuates innate responses to epithelial infection.J Infect Dis. 2012 Jun 15;205(12):1830-9. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis280. Epub 2012 Apr 3.
5	Host immune responses induced by specific Mycobacterium leprae antigens in an overnight whole-blood assay correlate with the diagnosis of paucibacillary leprosy patients in China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019 Apr 24;13(4):e0007318. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007318. eCollection 2019 Apr.
6	Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG3 antibodies are markers of progressive disease in leprosy.Infect Immun. 1995 Feb;63(2):410-5. doi: 10.1128/IAI.63.2.410-415.1995.

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