General Information of HIF (ID: HIFM0263)
HIF Name	Interleukin-1
HIF Synonym(s)	interleukin 1 complex, Il1, Il-1
HIF Classification	Cytokine (Cyt)
Description	Interleukin-1 (IL-1) represents a group of 1720 kDa cytokines with a broad range of biological functions centered on the generation and maintenance of inflammatory processes. The best-known members are IL-1, IL-1, and IL-1Ra (receptor antagonist).				[1]

Microbe Species (MIC) Regulated by This HIF
Brucella suis (alpha-proteobacteria)			MIC00275
Description	Brucella suis-infected macrophages which could produce IL-1.				[2]
Corynebacterium accolens (actinobacteria)			MIC00448
Description	Corynebacterium accolens is associated with IL-1.				[3]
Deltaproteobacteria (delta-proteobacteria)			MIC00480
Description	Deltaproteobacteria could increase IL-1.				[4]
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (firmicutes)			MIC00590
Description	At the species level, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is associated with IL-1.				[5]
Fusobacterium mortiferum (fusobacteria)			MIC00615
Description	The abundance of Fusobacterium mortiferum is associated with IL-1 production.				[6]
Glaesserella parasuis (gamma-proteobacteria)			MIC00654
Description	Challenged with highly virulent Haemophilus parasuis showed an increase proportion of CD163+ monocytes, which are able to produce high amounts of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-, IL-1 and IL-6.				[7]
Leptospira borgpetersenii (spirochaetes)			MIC00758
Description	The abundance of Leptospira borgpetersenii is associated with IL-1.				[8]
Paenibacillus larvae (firmicutes)			MIC00941
Description	The abundance of Paenibacillus is associated with IL-1.				[9]
Prevotella nigrescens (CFB bacteria)			MIC01019
Description	Prevotella nigrescens could produce IL-1.				[10]
Yersinia enterocolitica (enterobacteria)			MIC01398
Description	The abundance of Yersinia enterocolitica is associated with IL-1.				[11]
Yersinia pestis (enterobacteria)			MIC01401
Description	When Yersinia pestis grow in the flea gut (21 26 C), they produce a typical hexa-acylated LPS, which activates TLR4-mediated immune signaling to induce the expression of proinfl ammatory cytokines (TNFAlpha, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8).				[12]

References
1	The interleukin-1 family: back to the future.Immunity. 2013 Dec 12;39(6):1003-18. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.11.010.
2	The innate immune response against Brucella in humans. Vet Microbiol. 2002 Dec 20;90(1-4):383-94. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00223-7.
3	Contextual control of skin immunity and inflammation by Corynebacterium. J Exp Med. 2018 Mar 5;215(3):785-799. doi: 10.1084/jem.20171079. Epub 2018 Jan 30.
4	Gut Dysbiosis and Adaptive Immune Response in Diet-induced Obesity vs. Systemic Inflammation. Front Microbiol. 2017 Jun 22;8:1157. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01157. eCollection 2017.
5	Association Between Gut Microbiota and CD4 Recovery in HIV-1 Infected Patients. Front Microbiol. 2018 Jul 2;9:1451. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01451. eCollection 2018.
6	Interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 inhibitor production by human adherent cells stimulated with periodontopathic bacteria. Arch Oral Biol. 1989;34(9):679-83. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(89)90073-3.
7	Haemophilus parasuis: infection, immunity and enrofloxacin. Vet Res. 2015 Oct 28;46:128. doi: 10.1186/s13567-015-0263-3.
8	Evaluation of type 1 immune response in naive and vaccinated animals following challenge with Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo: involvement of WC1(+) gammadelta and CD4 T cells. Infect Immun. 2002 Nov;70(11):6147-57. doi: 10.1128/iai.70.11.6147-6157.2002.
9	Immunomodulatory activity of exopolysaccharide from the rhizobacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa CCM 1465. Arch Microbiol. 2018 Dec;200(10):1471-1480. doi: 10.1007/s00203-018-1564-5. Epub 2018 Aug 28.
10	The immune response to Prevotella bacteria in chronic inflammatory disease. Immunology. 2017 Aug;151(4):363-374. doi: 10.1111/imm.12760. Epub 2017 Jun 20.
11	Bacterial evasion of host immune defense: Yersinia enterocolitica encodes a suppressor for tumor necrosis factor alpha expression. Infect Immun. 1995 Apr;63(4):1270-7.
12	Immunology of Yersinia pestis Infection. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;918:273-292. doi: 10.1007/978-94-024-0890-4_10.

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