General Information of HIF (ID: HIFC0069)
HIF Name	CD4+ T cells
HIF Synonym(s)	CD4 cells, CD4+ T cells
HIF Classification	T cells (TCs)
Description	CD4 cells (also known as CD4+ T cells) are white blood cells that fight infection. The more you have, the better.				[1]

Microbe Species (MIC) Regulated by This HIF
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (gamma-proteobacteria)			MIC00051
Description	Dendritic cells primed with different Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans can stimulate naive CD 4+ T lymphocytes.				[2]
Bordetella pertussis (beta-proteobacteria)			MIC00248
Description	Bordetella pertussis is associated with CD4 T cells responses.				[3]
Citrobacter rodentium (enterobacteria)			MIC00366
Description	Citrobacter rodentium was associated with CD4+ T cells responses.				[4]
Clostridia (firmicutes)			MIC01851
Description	Cluster IV and XIVa Clostridia induced the Treg cell population through the production of SCFA, which induced Foxp3 expression in CD4 T cells.				[5]
Clostridium sp. (firmicutes)			MIC00418
Description	Clostridium is associated with CD4+ T lymphocytes responses.				[6]
Fusobacterium sp. (fusobacteria)			MIC00613
Description	Higher Fusobacterium relative abundance is independently associated with poorer CD4 T-cells responses.				[7]
Haemophilus ducreyi (gamma-proteobacteria)			MIC00650
Description	CD4 cells were recruited to the skin at the pustular stage of disease with Haemophilus ducreyi infection.				[8]
Lactobacillus plantarum (firmicutes)			MIC00730
Description	Lactobacillus plantarum infection showed a Mincle-dependent induction of IL-17 and IL-22 production by CD4+ T cells.				[9]
Lactobacillus sp. (firmicutes)			MIC00701
Description	Higher proportions of gut Lactobacillales were associated with higher CD4 T cells in the gut during antiretroviral therapy.				[10]
Leptospira borgpetersenii (spirochaetes)			MIC00758
Description	CD4 T lymphocytes produced the majority of IFN-gamma after Leptospira borgpetersenii infection.				[11]
Listeria monocytogenes (firmicutes)			MIC00771
Description	Listeria monocytogenes is associated with CD4 T cells responses.				[12]
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (actinobacteria)			MIC00857
Description	CD4+ T lymphocytes were traditionally considered the pillars of immune defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.				[13]

References
1	Functional and Phenotypic Plasticity of CD4(+) T Cell Subsets.Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:521957. doi: 10.1155/2015/521957. Epub 2015 Oct 25.
2	Serotype b of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans increases osteoclast and memory T-lymphocyte activation. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2016 Apr;31(2):162-74. doi: 10.1111/omi.12112. Epub 2015 Aug 10.
3	Sustained protective immunity against Bordetella pertussis nasal colonization by intranasal immunization with a vaccine-adjuvant combination that induces IL-17-secreting T(RM) cells. Mucosal Immunol. 2018 Nov;11(6):1763-1776. doi: 10.1038/s41385-018-0080-x. Epub 2018 Aug 20.
4	Microbiota-Induced TNF-like Ligand 1A Drives Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cell-Mediated Barrier Protection and Intestinal T Cell Activation during Colitis.Immunity. 2018 Dec 18;49(6):1077-1089.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.10.014. Epub 2018 Dec 11.
5	Microbiota in T-cell homeostasis and inflammatory diseases.Exp Mol Med. 2017 May 26;49(5):e340. doi: 10.1038/emm.2017.36.
6	Dysbiosis gut microbiota associated with inflammation and impaired mucosal immune function in intestine of humans with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep. 2015 Feb 3;5:8096. doi: 10.1038/srep08096.
7	Enrichment of gut-derived Fusobacterium is associated with suboptimal immune recovery in HIV-infected individuals. Sci Rep. 2018 Sep 24;8(1):14277. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32585-x.
8	The immune response to Haemophilus ducreyi resembles a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction throughout experimental infection of human subjects. J Infect Dis. 1998 Dec;178(6):1688-97. doi: 10.1086/314489.
9	Microbiota Sensing by Mincle-Syk Axis in Dendritic Cells Regulates Interleukin-17 and -22 Production and Promotes Intestinal Barrier Integrity.Immunity. 2019 Feb 19;50(2):446-461.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.020. Epub 2019 Jan 29.
10	Gut Lactobacillales are associated with higher CD4 and less microbial translocation during HIV infection. AIDS. 2013 Jul 31;27(12):1921-31. doi: 10.1097/qad.0b013e3283611816.
11	Evaluation of type 1 immune response in naive and vaccinated animals following challenge with Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo: involvement of WC1(+) gammadelta and CD4 T cells. Infect Immun. 2002 Nov;70(11):6147-57. doi: 10.1128/iai.70.11.6147-6157.2002.
12	HDAC6 controls innate immune and autophagy responses to TLR-mediated signalling by the intracellular bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS Pathog. 2017 Dec 27;13(12):e1006799. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006799. eCollection 2017 Dec.
13	Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Narrative Review. Front Pediatr. 2019 Aug 27;7:350. doi: 10.3389/fped.2019.00350. eCollection 2019.

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