Details of Microbe Species (MIC)

General Information of MIC (ID: MIC00731)
MIC Name Lactobacillus reuteri (firmicutes)
MIC Synonyms Lactobacillus fermentum subsp. reuteri
Body Site Vagina
Lineage Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Firmicutes
Class: Bacilli
Order: Lactobacillales
Family: Lactobacillaceae
Genus: Lactobacillus
Species: Lactobacillus reuteri
Oxygen Sensitivity Facultative anaerobe
Microbial Metabolism Saccharolytic; Respiratory or Fermentative
Gram Positive
Host Relationship Probiotic
Genome Size (bp) 1999618
No. of Coding Genes 1767
No. of Non-Coding Genes 85
No. of Small Non-Coding Genes 85
No. of Gene Transcripts 1852
No. of Base Pairs 2066054
Description Lactobacillus reuteri is a facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium that naturally inhabits the gut of mammals and birds.
External Links Taxonomy ID
1598
Genome Assembly ID
LTH2584
GOLD Organism ID
Go0003512
Disease Relevance
          Autism spectrum disorder  [ICD-11: 6A02]
             Description Treatment with Lactobacillus reuteri emerged as promising non-invasive microbial-based avenue to combat ASD(Autism Spectrum Disorder)-related social dysfunction. [1]
          Providencia alcalifaciens gastroenteritis  [ICD-11: 1A40]
             Description Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 was reported to have a beneficial effect in reducing the duration and severity of acute gastroenteritis of both bacterial and viral (rotavirus) origin in infants. [2]
          Vaginitis  [ICD-11: GA02]
             Description Lactobacillus reuteri was associated with bacterial vaginosis. [3]
Host Genetic Factors (HGFs)
          FTO
             HGF ID HGF2329 HGF Info       Class Copy Number Variation: Gene Deletion (CNV-GDe)
             Description The deletion of FTO could increase relative abundances of Lactobacillus reuteri. [4]
          SMARCAD1
             HGF ID HGF2342 HGF Info       Class Copy Number Variation: Gene Deletion (CNV-GDe)
             Description The deletion of SMARCAD1 was significantly associated with a decrease of Lactobacillus reuterii (p-value<0.05). [5]
          hsa-miR-203a-3p
             HGF ID HGF0208 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The level of miR-203 expression was significantly upregulated in binding sites on 16S ribosomal RNA of Lactobacillus reuteri (p-value<0.05). [6]
          hsa-miR-204-5p
             HGF ID HGF0207 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The level of miR-204 expression was significantly upregulated in binding sites on 16S ribosomal RNA of Lactobacillus reuteri (p-value<0.05). [6]
          hsa-miR-23a-3p
             HGF ID HGF0192 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The level of miR-23a expression was significantly upregulated in binding sites on 16S ribosomal RNA of Lactobacillus reuteri (p-value<0.05). [6]
          hsa-miR-23b-3p
             HGF ID HGF0190 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The level of miR-23b expression was significantly upregulated in binding sites on 16S ribosomal RNA of Lactobacillus reuteri (p-value<0.05). [6]
          hsa-miR-29b-3p
             HGF ID HGF0177 HGF Info       Class Non-coding RNA: Micro (ncRNA-miRNA)
             Description The level of miR-29b expression was significantly upregulated in binding sites on 16S ribosomal RNA of Lactobacillus reuteri (p-value<0.05). [6]
Host Immune Factors (HIFs)
          Regenerating islet-derived protein 3-beta
             HIF ID HIFM0197 HIF Info       Class Antimicrobial peptide (AMP)
             Description Wild-type RegIII has the resistance of Lactobacillus reuteri despite its Lys-type peptidoglycan. [7]
          Adenosine receptor A2a
             HIF ID HIFM0002 HIF Info       Class Checkpoint molecule (CM)
             Description A2aR receptors, which were required for the efficacy of inosine and of Lactobacillus reuteri in vivo. [8]
          Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1
             HIF ID HIFM0120 HIF Info       Class Checkpoint molecule (CM)
             Description Lactobacillus reuteri has been described to reduce despair like behavior in mice by inhibiting elevated levels of IDO and reducing peripheral levels of kynurenine. [9]
          C-X-C motif chemokine 1
             HIF ID HIFM0109 HIF Info       Class Cytokine (Cyt)
             Description Lactobacillus reuteri could decrease the level of cytokines KC. [10]
          Interferon-6
             HIF ID HIFM0151 HIF Info       Class Cytokine (Cyt)
             Description Lactobacillus reuteri treatment could decrease the serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6. [10]
          Tumor necrosis factor
             HIF ID HIFM0226 HIF Info       Class Cytokine (Cyt)
             Description Lactobacillus reuteri treatment also decreased the serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines KC, TNF-Alpha, IFN-Gamma, and IL-6 in the DSS colitis mice. [10]
          Interferon gamma
             HIF ID HIFM0260 HIF Info       Class Cytokine (Cyt)
             Description Lactobacillus reuteri treatment also decreased the serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines KC, TNF-Alpha, IFN-Gamma, and IL-6 in the DSS colitis mice. [10]
          Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma
             HIF ID HIFM0205 HIF Info       Class Retinoic acid receptor (RAR)
             Description Subjects received supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri, the FOXP3 concentration increased significantly, resulting in decreased a RoR/FOXP3 mRNA ratio. [11]
          Regulatory T cells
             HIF ID HIFC0030 HIF Info       Class T cells (TCs)
             Description Lactobacillus reuteri could induce anti-inflammatory Treg cells. [10]
          CD4+ helper T cells
             HIF ID HIFC0068 HIF Info       Class T cells (TCs)
             Description Lactobacillus reuteri could mediate suppression of T-helper type 1(Th1) cells responses. [10]
          T helper type 2 cells
             HIF ID HIFC0085 HIF Info       Class T cells (TCs)
             Description Lactobacillus reuteri could mediate suppression of Th2 responses. [10]
          FOXP3+CD4+ regulatory T cells
             HIF ID HIFC0199 HIF Info       Class T cells (TCs)
             Description Lactobacillus reuteri is related to the increase of FOXP3+CD4+ Treg cells in the spleen. [12]
Environmental Factor(s)
             Disbiome ID
      341
             gutMDisorder ID
      gm0407
References
1 Mechanisms Underlying Microbial-Mediated Changes in Social Behavior in Mouse Models of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Neuron. 2019 Jan 16;101(2):246-259.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.11.018. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
2 Efficacy of an Oral Rehydration Solution Enriched with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and Zinc in the Management of Acute Diarrhoea in Infants: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2018 Sep 1;10(9):1189. doi: 10.3390/nu10091189.
3 Characterization of culturable vaginal Lactobacillus species among women with and without bacterial vaginosis from the United States and India: a cross-sectional study. J Med Microbiol. 2014 Jul;63(Pt 7):931-935. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.073080-0. Epub 2014 May 16.
4 Fto Deficiency Reduces Anxiety- and Depression-Like Behaviors in Mice via Alterations in Gut Microbiota.Theranostics. 2019 Jan 24;9(3):721-733. doi: 10.7150/thno.31562. eCollection 2019.
5 Smarcad1 mediates microbiota-induced inflammation in mouse and coordinates gene expression in the intestinal epithelium.Genome Biol. 2020 Mar 11;21(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s13059-020-01976-7.
6 Dietary Gluten-Induced Gut Dysbiosis Is Accompanied by Selective Upregulation of microRNAs with Intestinal Tight Junction and Bacteria-Binding Motifs in Rhesus Macaque Model of Celiac Disease. Nutrients. 2016 Oct 28;8(11):684. doi: 10.3390/nu8110684.
7 Salmonella-induced mucosal lectin RegIII kills competing gut microbiota.PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e20749. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020749. Epub 2011 Jun 9.
8 Resetting microbiota by Lactobacillus reuteri inhibits T reg deficiency-induced autoimmunity via adenosine A2A receptors.J Exp Med. 2017 Jan;214(1):107-123. doi: 10.1084/jem.20160961. Epub 2016 Dec 19.
9 Role of Microbiota and Tryptophan Metabolites in the Remote Effect of Intestinal Inflammation on Brain and Depression.Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2018 Jun 25;11(3):63. doi: 10.3390/ph11030063.
10 Probiotics Lactobacillus reuteri Abrogates Immune Checkpoint Blockade-Associated Colitis by Inhibiting Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol. 2019 Jun 4;10:1235. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01235. eCollection 2019.
11 Crying Time and ROR/FOXP3 Expression in Lactobacillus reuteri DSM17938-Treated Infants with Colic: A Randomized Trial. J Pediatr. 2018 Jan;192:171-177.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.062. Epub 2017 Sep 29.
12 Development and maintenance of intestinal regulatory T cells.Nat Rev Immunol. 2016 May;16(5):295-309. doi: 10.1038/nri.2016.36. Epub 2016 Apr 18.

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